Table 1.
Clinical and demographic characteristics of study participants.
| OLD- | OLD+ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HIV- | HIV+ | HIV- | HIV+ | P-value* | |
| N | 580 | 243 | 106 | 45 | |
| Age, yr | 48.1 (8.04) | 47.7 (6.44) | 50.1 (8.82) | 48.8 (8.40) | 0.05 |
| Male, n(%) | 385 (66.4) | 152 (62.6) | 75 (70.8) | 30 (66.7) | 0.49 |
| Race/ethnicity, n(%) | |||||
| Black | 512 (88.3) | 234 (96.3) | 90 (84.9) | 39 (86.7) | <0.01 |
| Smoking status, n(%) | |||||
| Current | 500 (86.2) | 203 (83.5) | 94 (88.7) | 38 (84.4) | |
| Former | 53 (9.14) | 25 (10.3) | 10 (9.43) | 3 (6.67) | |
| Never | 27 (4.66) | 15 (6.17) | 2 (1.89) | 4 (8.89) | 0.53 |
| Smoking, pack-yr | 19.5 (12-33) |
19 (10.5-32.4) |
20.8 (14-36) |
21.9 (10.8-36.5) |
0.56 |
| Current IDU, n(%) | 246 (42.4) | 87 (35.8) | 44 (41.5) | 15 (33.3) | 0.25 |
| 6 mo income, n(%) | |||||
| Not reported | 12 (2.1) | 7 (2.9) | 5 (4.7) | 2 (4.4) | |
| None | 147 (25.3) | 52 (21.4) | 21(19.8) | 7 (15.6) | |
| <$5,000 | 274 (47.2) | 133 (54.7) | 51 (48.1) | 25 (55.6) | |
| $5,000-$10,000 | 91 (15.7) | 39 (16.0) | 23 (21.7) | 6 (13.3) | |
| >$10,000 | 56 (9.7) | 12 (4.9) | 6 (5.7) | 5 (11.1) | 0.13 |
| High school education, n(%) | 259 (44.7) | 85 (35.0) | 42 (39.6) | 18 (45) | 0.10 |
| BMI, (kg/m2) | 25.7 (22.8-30.3) |
24.9 (21.8-29.1) |
24.2 (22.0-27.6) |
22.3 (21.2-28.3) |
<0.01 |
| Hemoglobin (gm/dL) | 13.4 (1.61) | 12.8 (1.58) | 13.4 (1.82) | 12.9 (1.91) | <0.01 |
| MRC score | 0.96 (1.25) | 1.19 (1.31) | 1.35 (1.41) | 1.69 (1.46) | <0.01 |
| Bronchodilator use, n(%) | 70 (12.1) | 47 (19.3) | 35 (33.0) | 20 (44.4) | <0.01 |
| CD4 cell count | N/A | 323 (177-502) |
N/A | 305 (168-487) |
0.88 |
| HIV viral load | |||||
| >400 copies, n(%) | N/A | 112 (46.1) | N/A | 19 (42.2) | 0.63 |
| X 100K, mean(SD)± | 62.2 (103) | 111 (176) | 0.06 | ||
| HAART use, n(%) | N/A | 133 (54.7) | N/A | 22 (48.9) | 0.19 |
| Pneumonia, n(%) | |||||
| All | 15 (2.59) | 3 (1.23) | 3 (2.83) | 1 (2.22) | 0.57 |
| Pneumocystis | 0 | 2 (0.82) | 0 | 0 | 0.22 |
*P-value represents test for overall difference across means or proportions. Values presented as mean (S.D.) or median (IQR) unless indicated. OLD = Obstructive lung disease; HIV = Human immunodeficiency virus; IDU = Injection drug use; BMI = Body mass index; MRC = Medical research council; CD4 = CD4+ T-Helper cells; HAART = Highly active anti-retroviral therapy; pack-yr = Number of packs smoked per day * years smoked; ±Mean(SD) of viral load only for those participants with viral load >400.