Table 1.
Characteristics of Jackson Heart Study Participants by SES components
| Analysis Sample | Education | p* | Income | p* | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||||
| Age (y) | 54.3± 13.1 | 65.1 ± 10.9 | 56.2 ± 12.8 | 49.3 ± 12.1 | 52.5 ± 11.7 | <.001 | 55.1 ± 15.7 | 57.0 ± 13.8 | 52.4 ± 12.4 | 53.4 ± 11.1 | <.001 |
| Male (%) | 37.3 | 35.9 | 35.9 | 38.2 | 37.9 | .7 | 23.8 | 32.1 | 37.6 | 49.0 | <.001 |
| Married (%) | 54.8 | 42.6 | 49.4 | 56.0 | 62.8 | <.001 | 27.3 | 39.8 | 59.1 | 72.5 | <.001 |
| Health care access** | 1.4 ± 0.8 | 1.5 ± 0.9 | 1.5 ± 0.9 | 1.5 ± 0.9 | 1.3 ± 0.6 | <.001 | 1.9 ± 1.1 | 1.5 ± 0.9 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | <.001 |
| CVD (%) | 10.4 | 21.8 | 12.2 | 7.9 | 6.1 | <.001 | 17.0 | 13.6 | 8.3 | 6.2 | <.001 |
| Diabetes (%) | 17.9 | 28.8 | 17.9 | 16.4 | 14.1 | <.001 | 24.1 | 20.3 | 18.1 | 11.6 | <.001 |
| Hypertension (%) | 62.6 | 79.2 | 67.2 | 57.1 | 56.9 | <.001 | 67.6 | 67.4 | 61.5 | 56.7 | <.001 |
| Hypercholesterolemia (%) | 30.5 | 36.4 | 33.0 | 28.4 | 28.2 | .001 | 30.0 | 30.1 | 31.5 | 30.4 | .9 |
| Hypertriglyceridemia (%) | 6.7 | 7.6 | 6.5 | 8.7 | 4.5 | .001 | 7.3 | 6.7 | 6.9 | 6.7 | .9 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 31.7 ± 7.1 | 31.6 ± 7.1 | 31.7 ± 6.9 | 32.3 ± 7.5 | 31.3 ± 6.9 | .006 | 32.8 ± 8.8 | 32.0 ± 7.4 | 31.9 ± 7.1 | 30.8 ± 6.2 | <.001 |
| Education (%) | <.001 | ||||||||||
| < High School | 16.1 | 34.1 | 27.0 | 9.0 | 2.8 | ||||||
| High School | 19.9 | 27.7 | 27.5 | 18.3 | 9.9 | ||||||
| Some College | 30.3 | 31.4 | 30.9 | 39.0 | 23.1 | ||||||
| College Degree | 33.5 | 6.8 | 14.7 | 33.8 | 64.2 | ||||||
| Income (%) | <.001 | ||||||||||
| Low Income | 12.0 | 32.9 | 20.8 | 14.5 | 2.9 | ||||||
| Lower Middle | 19.7 | 42.7 | 22.8 | 23.5 | 10.0 | ||||||
| Upper Middle | 25.7 | 18.5 | 29.4 | 38.8 | 30.0 | ||||||
| High Income | 25.8 | 5.9 | 16.1 | 23.1 | 57.3 | ||||||
| eGFR distribution (%)*** | <.001 | <.001 | |||||||||
| >90 | 40.5 (1384) | 29.0 | 38.1 | 49.1 | 39.8 | 39.1 | 38.4 | 42.7 | 40.0 | ||
| >60-<90 | 49.8 (1699) | 49.8 | 51.5 | 43.8 | 54.1 | 42.9 | 50.3 | 48.8 | 55.0 | ||
| >30-<60 | 8.5 (291) | 17.9 | 9.0 | 6.6 | 5.5 | 14.8 | 9.7 | 7.6 | 4.8 | ||
| <30 | 1.2 (41) | 3.3 | 1.5 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 2.5 | 1.6 | 0.9 | 0.2 | ||
| Albuminuria**** (%) | 12.5 (429) | 19.9 | 14.2 | 10.2 | 10.0 | <.001 | 13.4 | 15.9 | 12.3 | 8.8 | <.001 |
| SCr (mg/dL) | 1.1 ± 0.6 | 1.2 ± 0.9 | 1.1 ± 0.8 | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | <.001 | 1.2 ± 1.0 | 1.1± 0.7 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | .02 |
| CKD***** (%) | 20.0 (685) | 34.8 | 22.9 | 16.1 | 14.6 | 28.2 | 24.5 | 18.4 | 12.7 | ||
Notes: n=3,430. Values expressed as percent, percent (no.), or mean ± SD. Education and Income levels (1, 2, 3, and 4) are defined in the left column.
p trend
Health care access is an ordinal variable with values denoting difficulty of getting health care services (1=not difficult at all, 2=not too hard, 3=fairly hard, 4=very hard)
eGFR expressed in units of mL/min/1.73 m^2
albumin-creatinine ratio > 30
eGFR<60 or ACR>30
Abbreviations: SCr, serum creatinine; CVD, cardiovascular disease; SES, socioeconomic status; CkD, chronic kidney disease; BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate. Conversion factors for units: eGFR in mL/s/1.73 m^2, x0.01667; SCr in mg/dL to micromole/L, x88.4.