Table 2.
Association of SES and CKD in the Jackson Heart Study
| Variable | Education Only | Income Only | Full Model |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (/1 y) | 1.03 (1.02 – 1.04) | 1.03 (1.02 – 1.04) | 1.03 (1.01 – 1.04) |
| Male | 0.96 (0.64 – 1.46) | 1.24 (0.69 – 2.21) | 1.10 (0.88 – 1.40) |
| Married | 0.75 (0.62 – 0.91) | 0.78 (0.62 – 0.97) | 0.78 (0.63 – 0.98) |
| Healthcare Access* | 1.04 (0.93 – 1.16) | 1.03 (0.91 – 1.17) | 1.03 (0.91 – 1.17) |
| CVD | 1.82 (1.41 – 2.35) | 1.71 (1.28 – 2.27) | 1.70 (1.28 – 2.26) |
| Diabetes | 2.53 (2.05 – 3.11) | 2.39 (1.90 – 3.02) | 2.40 (1.91 – 3.03) |
| Hypertension | 2.43 (1.88 – 3.15) | 2.99 (2.23 – 4.02) | 2.99 (2.23 – 4.01) |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 1.16 (0.95 – 1.41) | 1.27 (1.02 – 1.57) | 1.27 (1.02 – 1.57) |
| Hypertriglyceridemia | 1.28 (0.91 – 1.79) | 1.31 (0.91 – 1.90) | 1.33 (0.92 – 1.92) |
| BMI (/1 kg/m2) | 1.03 (1.01 – 1.04) | 1.02 (1.01 – 1.04) | 1.02 (1.01 – 1.04) |
| Education | |||
| < High School | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | |
| High School | 0.88 (0.60 – 1.17) | 0.93 (0.68 – 1.29) | |
| Some College | 0.77 (0.53 – 1.05) | 0.84 (0.61 – 1.17) | |
| College Degree | 0.68 (0.47 – 0.94) | 0.94 (0.66 – 1.32) | |
| p trend | .05 | .8 | |
| Income | |||
| Low Income | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | |
| Lower Middle | 0.88 (0.63 – 1.30) | 0.88 (0.65 – 1.20) | |
| Upper Middle | 0.78 (0.52 – 1.08) | 0.80 (0.57 – 1.11) | |
| High Income | 0.58 (0.41 – 0.83) | 0.59 (0.40 – 0.87) | |
| p trend | .01 | .05 | |
| Education × Male p value | .9 | .9 | |
| Income × Male p value | .5 | .5 |
Note: All variables included in the analysis are listed in the table. Values shown are OR (95% CI).
BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; SES, socioeconomic status; CkD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; ref, reference
*
Health care access is an ordinal variable with values denoting difficulty of getting health care services (1=not difficult at all, 2=not too hard, 3=fairly hard, 4=very hard)