Table 3.
Association of SES and CKD by Sex in the Jackson Heart Study
| Variable | Education Only | Income Only | Full Model | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | |
| Age (/1 y) | 1.03 (1.02 –1.06) | 1.03 (1.02 – 1.04) | 1.04 (1.02 – 1.06) | 1.03 (1.02 – 1.04) | 1.04 (1.02 – 1.05) | 1.03 (1.01 – 1.04) |
| Married | 0.71 (0.50 – 1.01) | 0.77 (0.61 –0.97) | 0.70 (0.47 –1.04) | 0.81 (0.62 – 1.05) | 0.70 (0.47 –1.05) | 0.81 (0.62 –1.06) |
| Healthcare access* | 1.14 (0.92 –1.40) | 1.00 (0.88 –1.15) | 1.08 (0.86 –1.35) | 1.00 (0.85 –1.16) | 1.09 (0.87 –1.36) | 1.00 (0.85 –1.16) |
| CVD | 1.84 (1.20 –2.81) | 1.81 (1.31 –2.51) | 1.70 (1.05 –2.75) | 1.67 (1.16 –2.40) | 1.71 (1.05 –2.77) | 1.66 (1.16 –2.38) |
| Diabetes | 4.37 (3.03 –6.30) | 1.95 (1.51 –2.52) | 4.41 (2.93 –6.64) | 1.78 (1.34 –2.37) | 4.40 (2.92 –6.63) | 1.78 (1.34 –2.37) |
| Hypertension | 2.06 (1.34 –3.17) | 2.65 (1.92 –3.64) | 2.51 (1.54 –4.10) | 3.28 (2.26 –4.76) | 2.49 (1.52 –4.07) | 3.29 (2.26 –4.79) |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 1.12 (0.79 –1.59) | 1.18 (0.93 –1.50) | 1.15 (0.78 –1.70) | 1.34 (1.03 –1.74) | 1.17 (0.79 –1.73) | 1.34 (1.03 –1.75) |
| Hypertriglyceridemia | 1.50 (0.92 –2.45) | 1.06 (0.65 –1.72) | 1.33 (0.78 –2.26) | 1.23 (0.73 –2.08) | 1.35 (0.79 –2.32) | 1.23 (0.73 –2.08) |
| BMI (/1 kg/m2) | 1.06 (1.03 –1.09) | 1.02 (1.00 –1.03) | 1.06 (1.03 –1.09) | 1.01 (0.99 –1.02) | 1.06 (1.03 –1.09) | 1.01 (0.99 –1.03) |
| Education | ||||||
| < High School | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| High School | 1.00 (0.60 –1.67) | 0.80 (0.57 –1.12) | 0.90 (0.51 –1.61) | 0.90 (0.61 –1.33) | ||
| Some College | 0.78 (.47 –1.30) | 0.73 (0.52 –1.04) | 0.81 (0.45 –1.46) | 0.85 (0.57 –1.26) | ||
| College Degree | 0. 78 (0.47 –1.30) | 0.62 (0.44 –0.87) | 1.01 (0.55 –1.89) | 0.85 (0.56 –1.31) | ||
| p trend | .6 | .05 | .8 | .9 | ||
| Income | ||||||
| Low Income | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| Lower Middle | 0.76 (0.39 –1.46) | 0.87 (0.61 –1.24) | 0.75 (0.39 –1.45) | 0.88 (0.62 –1.27) | ||
| Upper Middle | 0.81 (0.42 –1.55) | 0.70 (0.49 –1.02) | 0.80 (0.41 –1.56) | 0.74 (0.50 –1.09) | ||
| High Income | 0.49 (0.25 –0.96) | 0.60 (0.40 –0.92) | 0.47 (0.23 –0.97) | 0.64 (0.40 –1.03) | ||
| p trend | .08 | .08 | .1 | .3 | ||
Note: All variables included in the analysis are listed in the table. Values shown are OR (95% CI).
BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; SES, socioeconomic status; CkD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; ref, reference
*
Health care access is an ordinal variable with values denoting difficulty of getting health care services (1=not difficult at all, 2=not too hard, 3=fairly hard, 4=very hard)