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. 2010 Mar 22;54(6):2323–2329. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01511-09

FIG. 3.

FIG. 3.

P. falciparum pfdhfr flanking microsatellite haplotypes from isolates carrying triple mutant pfdhfr allele (51I/59R/108N) collected in the Comoros Islands and Madagascar in 2006 and 2007. *, isolates from Benin, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Gambia, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo; ¥, isolates from Cameroon, the Central African Republic, and Congo; #, including the IRNL mutant with quadruple mutations (n = 3). The numbers of AT repeats in microsatellite markers (indicated in light gray boxes) corresponded to the number of AT repeats found in the SEA. Those displaying variations in the number of AT repeats are indicated in dark gray boxes. Haplotypes are numbered from 3MT-01 to 3MT-16. Haplotypes harboring an association of 8-13-7-16-15 AT repeats and those with one different microsatellite marker at the periphery (at the locus at −6.58 kb, −4.58 kb, or +5.04 kb) are designated SEA. Haplotypes with one different microsatellite marker just upstream or downstream of the pfdhfr-coding region are collectively designated SEA-1. Those displaying variations from the SEA haplotypes at least at two microsatellite loci are designated LOC.