TABLE 4.

Pooled risk estimates of safety outcomes from randomized controlled trials of therapy against invasive fungal infection

Type of therapy and drug(s)	No. of trial arms included	No. of total patients included	% of patients with:
			Treatment discontinuation due to adverse effects		Elevation of liver enzyme levels requiring stopping of treatment		Elevation of liver enzyme levels not requiring stopping of treatment
			Pooled estimate	95% CI	Pooled estimate	95% CI	Pooled estimate	95% CI
Empirical therapy
Amphotericin B formulationsa	23	3,224	13.9	7.3-20.5	0.2	0-0.6	14.5	10.5-18.5
Amphotericin B deoxycholate	13	1,282	15.4	5.6-25.3	0.2	0-0.4	13.3	6.8-19.9
Lipid form amphotericin Bb	10	1,942	11.2	3.5-18.9	0.7	0-3.2	16.2	12.9-19.4
Fluconazole	5	333	0.3	0-0.9	0.3	0-0.9	8.6	1.0-16.1
Itraconazole	2	273	19.8	15.1-24.5	1.9	0-4.5	10.3	6.7-13.9
Echinocandins	1	564	4.8	3.0-6.5	NAc	NA	8.7	6.4-11.0
All antifungal agents	32	4,809	11.4	6.3-16.5	0.5	0-0.9	13.3	10.2-16.5
Definitive therapy
Amphotericin B formulationsa	18	1,551	12.7	7.2-18.3	0.9	0.1-1.6	13.5	6.2-20.9
Amphotericin B deoxycholate	8	680	10.0	2.5-17.5	0.3d	0.1-0.7d	11.0	3.9-18.1
Lipid form amphotericin Bb	10	871	14.9	7.3-22.4	1.2	0.2-2.3	15.7	3.9-27.5
Fluconazole	5	364	4.6	0-9.5	1.3	0-2.8	9.8	2.5-17.0
Voriconazole	2	466	14.7	10.5-18.9	NA	NA	21.5	17.7-25.2
Echinocandins	11	1,428	3.7	2.5-4.9	1.0	0-2.3	3.8	2.0-5.5
All antifungal agents	38	3,936	8.9	5.9-11.9	1.3	0.6-2.0	11.7	7.5-15.9

^aIncluding amphotericin B desoxycholate, amphotericin B colloidal dispersion, amphotericin B lipid complex, and liposomal amphotericin B.

^bIncluding amphotericin B colloidal dispersion, amphotericin B lipid complex, and liposomal amphotericin B.

^cNA, not available.

^dAdjusted Wald method for point estimate and confidence interval.