FIG. 11.

Schematic representation of the role of the CvfA-enolase complex in the regulation of virulence gene expression in S. pyogenes. The large gray half circle represents an S. pyogenes cell, and a CvfA-enolase complex is attached to the membrane inside the cell. The lines from outside of the cell represent the status of the nutritional condition affecting CvfA-involved regulation (concentrations of carbohydrates or peptides), and the lines inside the cell indicate the effect of the CvfA-involved regulatory system on the expression of virulence genes. Each type of line (solid black, broken line, and solid gray) outside and inside the cell match each other. For the lines inside the cell, arrowheads indicate activation, flat ends reflect repression, and plain lines with no arrowhead or flat end indicate no effect by the CvfA-enolase complex. Overall, the CvfA-involved regulatory system represses the expression of emm, ska, and cfa in low-carbohydrate conditions and activates the expression of speB in low-peptide conditions.