FIG. 3.

Mechanisms of OxLDL recognition by different scavenger receptors. Multiple types of scavenger receptors have been identified to recognize and interact with different forms of OxLDL. The major scavenger receptors responsible for OxLDL uptake by macrophages (MF) are: class A scavenger receptors SRAI/II and class B scavenger receptor CD36. OxLDL immune complexes OxLDL are recognized and metabolized via Fcγ receptors. OxLDL, particularly MM-LDL may also be recognized by TLR-4 receptors. Each of these receptors recognizes a different component of the OxLDL particle with SRAI/II receptors recognizing modification of the Apo B protein, CD36 recognizing oxidized phospholipids, and TLR-4 recognizing oxidized cholesteryl esters. The major OxLDL uptake pathway in endothelial cells (ECs) is LOX-1 receptor that also recognizes Apo B modifications. ECs also express CD36 and other types of scavenger receptors. Scavenger receptors are also expressed in other cell types, including smooth muscle cells and platelets. Receptor structures represent the basic domain architecture of the different receptors [receptor structures are adapted from (224)].