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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Langmuir. 2010 Jun 1;26(11):8684–8689. doi: 10.1021/la904842v

Figure 1.

Figure 1

(a) Miniature streaming potential apparatus (SPA) for measuring surface potentials under different solution conditions while simultaneously visualizing the state of the surfaces (e.g., adsorption of vesicles or bilayers) using confocal and/or fluorescence microscopy or FRAP. Schematic drawings of the Teflon component showing (b) its inside and (c) block cell design for parallel plate (capillary) channel of length l=12 mm (y-direction), width w=7 mm (x-direction), and height h=80 µm (z-direction). Figures (b) and (c) are drawn to scale except for the 80 µm-thick channel height which is exaggerated in (c).