Table 2.

Associations of right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) with all-cause mortality

	Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval); P value
	RVEF ≥40% (n=733)	RVEF 30–39% (n=531)	RVEF 20–29% (n=473)	RVEF <20% (n=271)
All-cause mortality (%)	27%	32%	35%	47%
Step 1:Unadjusted	1.00 (Reference)	1.19 (0.97–1.46); P =0.087	1.45 (1.17–1.78) P =0.001	1.98 (1.59–2.47) P <0.0001
Step 2: Step 1 + LVEF*	1.00 (Reference)	1.12 (0.91–1.37); P =0.295	1.27 (1.02–1.57) P =0.031	1.52 (1.20–1.94) P =0.001
Step 3: Step 2 + demographics**	1.00 (Reference)	1.14 (0.93–1.40); P =0.217	1.26 (1.02–1.56) P =0.036	1.62 (1.27–2.06) P <0.0001
Step 4: Step 3 + medical history***	1.00 (Reference)	1.06 (0.86–1.31); P =0.563	1.18 (0.95–1.47) P =0.139	1.52 (1.19–1.95) P =0.001
Step 5: Step 4 + medications****	1.00 (Reference)	1.06 (0.86–1.30); P =0.597	1.17 (0.94–1.45) P =0.169	1.49 (1.16–1.91) P =0.002
Step 6: Step 5 + clinical findings*****	1.00 (Reference)	1.05 (0.85–1.30); P =0.640	1.07 (0.86–1.34) P =0.542	1.37 (1.06–1.76) P =0.015
Step 7: Step 6 + laboratory findings******	1.00 (Reference)	1.07 (0.87–1.32); P =0.518	1.12 (0.89–1.40) P =0.328	1.32 (1.02–1.71) P =0.034

^*LVEF=left ventricular ejection fraction

^**Demographics: age, sex, and race.

^***Medical history: duration of smoking, duration of heart failure, New York Heart Association class, coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, peripheral vascular disease, atrial fibrillation, >70% coronary artery stenosis, positive stress perfusion test, and electrocardiographic evidence of anterior, lateral and inferior-posterior myocardial infarction

^****Medications: bucindolol, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers, digitalis, diuretics, and anticoagulants

^*****Clinical findings: body mass index, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, S3 gallop, pulmonary rales, and x-ray findings of cardiothoracic ratio and pulmonary edema

^******Laboratory findings: creatinine, potassium, sodium, magnesium, blood urea nitrogen, glucose, uric acid, total cholesterol, albumin, hemoglobin, white blood cells, and platelets