Table 6.
Hierarchical linear models predicting caregiver EBP composite scores
| Predictor variable | Regression coefficient (standard error) | P-value |
|---|---|---|
| Child demographics (n = 762 for level 1; n = 180 for level 2; n = 81 for level 3) | ||
| Gendera | .053 (.090) | .556 |
| Age | −.023 (.015) | .136 |
| Caregiver/family sociodemographics (n = 741 for level 1; n = 173 for level 2; n = 77 for level 3) | ||
| Age | .000 (.003) | .964 |
| Race/ethnicityb | .036 (.089) | .682 |
| Education (reference group = some high school) | ||
| Some college | −.059 (.111) | .596 |
| College/grad school | .135 (.134) | .317 |
| Income | −.000 (.000) | .143 |
| Child clinical characteristics (n = 762 for level 1; n = 180 for level 2; n = 81 for level 3) | ||
| Eyberg child behavior inventory | .002 (.001) | .053 |
| Primary diagnosis (reference group = DBD) | ||
| ADHD | −.119 (.112) | .292 |
| Mood | .004 (.117) | .975 |
| Anxiety | −.171 (.164) | .299 |
| Other | −.014 (.169) | .933 |
| Caregiver psychosocial functioning (n = 534 for level 1; n = 124 for level 2; n = 54 for level 3) | ||
| Drug abuse screening test | −.003 (.053) | .949 |
| Alcohol use disorders identification test | .002 (.012) | .854 |
| Center for epidemiological studies-depression | −.006 (.005) | .238 |
| Brief symptom inventory | −.001 (.005) | .867 |
| Family functioning (n = 624 for level 1; n = 143 for level 2; n = 63 for level 3) | ||
| Family relationship inventory | .005 (.010) | .587 |
| Family empowerment scale-family | .004 (.008) | .595 |
| Family empowerment scale-community | −.002 (.007) | .795 |
| Family empowerment scale-systems | −.010 (.006) | .105 |
| Caregiver strain questionnaire | .073 (.050) | .151 |
| Therapist demographics (n = 762 for level 1; n = 180 for level 2; n = 81 for level 3) | ||
| Gendera | .006 (.005) | .759 |
| Age | .111 (.125) | .379 |
| Raceb | −.122 (.099) | .222 |
| Therapist level of experience (n = 762 for level 1; n = 180 for level 2; n = 81 for level 3) | ||
| Months in practice | −.002 (.001) | .054 |
| Positionc | .071 (.120) | .556 |
| Licensured | .168 (.127) | .191 |
| Therapist background (n = 762 for level 1; n = 180 for level 2; n = 81 for level 3) | ||
| Discipline (reference group = MFT) | ||
| Psychology | .026 (.132) | .846 |
| Social work | −.171 (.114) | .136 |
| Orientation (reference group = CBT) | ||
| Family systems | −.061 (.123) | .624 |
| Psychodynamic/humanistic | .178 (.116) | .129 |
| Eclectic/other | .188 (.136) | .170 |
Note: Robust standard error solution is reported, which controls for non-normality in the variables. Each model was run with HLM3 with tape as level one, child/caregiver as level two, and therapist as level three. Regression coefficients reported are unstandardized
DBD disruptive behavior disorders (oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder), ADHD attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, MFT marriage and family therapy, CBT cognitive/behavioral or behavioral
a0 = Male; 1 = Female
b0 = White; 1 = Nonwhite
c0 = Trainee; 1 = Staff
d0 = Unlicensed; 1 = Licensed