Table 2.
The end-to-end length of the extended and contracted stalk and the coefficients of fitting curves
| PVP % | Ls,max (μm) | Ls,min (μm) | c1 (s) | c2 (−) | c3 (−) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0% | 116.8 | 22.5 | 9.263 × 10−4 | 1.243 | 0.873 |
| 1% | 115.8 | 25.2 | 9.945 × 10−4 | 0.915 | 0.772 |
| 2% | 114.6 | 23.0 | 1.557 × 10−3 | 0.781 | 0.973 |
| 3% | 113.8 | 25.5 | 2.203 × 10−3 | 0.697 | 1.149 |
The R-square values are >0.999 in all cases. It is noticeable that c1, the characteristic timescale in Eq. 6, has similar values to τu,max chosen as the characteristic timescale for the stalk contraction.