Table 2.

Crude, Baseline Adjusted, Fully Adjusted, and Inverse Probability Weighted Odds of not Injecting in the Prior 6 Months, by Level of Neighborhood Poverty Reported at Prior Visit, for 1,875 Baltimore City, Maryland, Injection Drug Users With 19,054 Semiannual Study Visits Between 1990 and 2006

Neighborhood Poverty Levela	No. Not Using Drugs	No. of Visits	Crudeb		Baseline Adjustedbc		Fully Adjustedbcd		IPWbce
			OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Poverty >30% (reference)	4,887	11,807	1		1		1		1
Poverty >20% but ≤30%	1,637	3,290	1.11	0.99, 1.24	1.11	0.99, 1.26	0.98	0.86, 1.11	1.20	1.03, 1.41
Poverty >10% but ≤20%	1,312	2,417	1.17	1.03, 1.33	1.19	1.06, 1.33	1.01	0.87, 1.16	1.35	1.12, 1.63
Poverty ≤10%	918	1,540	1.42	1.21, 1.67	1.44	1.22, 1.69	1.16	0.97, 1.38	1.44	1.14, 1.82

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; IPW, inverse probability weight; OR, odds ratio.

^aNeighborhood poverty based on percentage of residents living in poverty per US Census tract of residence.

^bWithin-person and within-neighborhood clustering accounted for by using nested random intercepts.

^cAdjusted for baseline covariates (gender, race, educational attainment, age at first injection).

^dAdjusted for covariates measured one visit prior to neighborhood poverty (age, employment, formal income, jail, homelessness, human immunodeficiency virus status, any sexually transmitted disease, needle sharing, crack use, shooting gallery attendance, methadone treatment).

^eWeighted for baseline covariates and covariates measured 6 months prior to neighborhood poverty: level of neighborhood poverty, outcome status, age, employment, formal income, jail, homelessness, human immunodeficiency virus status, any sexually transmitted disease, needle sharing, shooting gallery attendance, methadone treatment.