Table 1.
Characteristics of the Participants According to Treatment Group.*
| Characteristic | Total (N = 338) |
Weight-Loss Group (N = 226) |
Control Group (N = 112) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age — yr | 53±11 | 53±11 | 53±10 |
| Race — no. (%)† | |||
| White | 262 (77.5) | 171 (75.7) | 91 (81.2) |
| Black | 64 (18.9) | 47 (20.8) | 17 (15.2) |
| Other | 12 (3.6) | 8 (3.5) | 4 (3.5) |
| Education beyond high school — no. (%) | 293 (86.7) | 200 (88.5) | 93 (83.0) |
| Relationship status — no. (%) | |||
| Married or living with a partner | 256 (75.7) | 166 (73.5) | 90 (80.4) |
| Single, widowed, or divorced | 82 (24.3) | 60 (26.5) | 22 (19.6) |
| Body-mass index‡ | 36±6 | 36±6 | 36±5 |
| Diabetes — no. (%) | 10 (3.0) | 9 (4.0) | 1 (0.9) |
| Current smoker — no. (%) | 18 (5.3) | 14 (6.2) | 4 (3.6) |
| Current alcohol use — no. (%) | 228 (67.5) | 154 (68.1) | 74 (66.1) |
| Postmenopausal — no./total no. (%) | 177/316 (56.0) | 115/209 (55.0) | 62/107 (57.9) |
| Self-reported health status — no. (%) | |||
| Excellent or very good | 151 (44.7) | 107 (47.3) | 44 (39.3) |
| Good | 150 (44.4) | 99 (43.8) | 51 (45.5) |
| Fair or poor | 37 (10.9) | 20 (8.8) | 17 (15.2) |
| Hysterectomy — no./total no. (%) | 99/337 (29.4) | 70/225 (31.1) | 29/112 (25.9) |
| Parity | 2±1 | 2±1 | 2±1 |
| Type of urinary incontinence — no. (%)§ | |||
| stress only | 18 (5.3) | 8 (3.5) | 10 (8.9) |
| Urge only | 41 (12.1) | 33 (14.6) | 8 (7.1) |
| Stress predominant | 57 (16.9) | 36 (15.9) | 21 (18.8) |
| Urge predominant | 108 (32.0) | 71 (31.4) | 37 (33.0) |
| Mixed incontinence with no predominant type | 114 (33.7) | 78 (34.5) | 36 (32.1) |
| 24-Hr involuntary urine loss — g¶ | 33±55 | 32±55 | 33±48 |
*
P>0.05 for the comparison between the weight-loss and control groups for all variables listed in the table. Plus–minus values are means ±SD.
†
Race was self-assessed.
‡
Body-mass index is the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters.
§
Type of urinary incontinence was classified according to the participant’s designation of each incontinence episode in a 7-day voiding diary.
¶
Involuntary urine loss was measured by the 24-hour increase in pad weight.