(A) Bacteriostasis within untreated and AA-treated THP-1 cells. In case of ‘AA’-treated THP-1, the cells were treated with AA immediately after bacterial infection (i.e. day 0). Statistically significant difference in CFUs recovered from AA-treated vs. untreated THP-1 cells on various days was determined using paired two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-test correction (***, p-value <0.001). (B) Dormant physiology of M. tb within AA-treated THP-1 cells. Infected THP-1 cells were either not treated (‘Untreated’) or treated with 2 mM AA (‘AA’) for 7 days post-infection. INH (4 µg/ml final concentration) was added on day 1 to ‘Untreated+INH’ or ‘AA+INH’cultures, and INH treatment continued until day 7. Viable counts were determined on day 7 post-infection (i.e. 6 days post INH-treatment). ‘Untreated’, 100%, total bacteria on day 7; ‘Untreated+INH”, % bacterial recovery with reference to ‘Untreated’; AA, 100%, total bacteria on day 7; ‘AA+INH’, % bacterial recovery with reference to ‘AA’. Mean ± SD of 3 independent experiments is shown.