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. 2010 May 27;6(5):e1000921. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000921

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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain declaration which stipulates that, once placed in the public domain, this work may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain declaration, which stipulates that, once placed in the public domain, this work may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose.

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(A) Macrophages from wild type or nos2/gp91^−/− mice were treated with D5W (untreated) or CLDC+MPF for 18 h followed by infection with SchuS4. Intracellular replication was monitored by microscopy and the percent infected cells is depicted for each group. CLDC+MPF significantly reduced the number of SchuS4 infected wild type cells (* = p<0.01), whereas CLDC+MPF treatment of nos2/gp91^−/− significantly increased the number of infected macrophages (** = p<0.01). (B and C) Wild type mouse macrophages were treated with D5W (untreated), IFN-γ or CLDC+MPF in the presence or absence of L-NMMA (B) or NAC (C) and then infected with SchuS4. IFN-γ and CLDC+MPF significantly lowered SchuS4 infected cells (* = p<0.05) compared to untreated controls. Addition of L-NMMA and NAC significantly increased the number of infected macrophages compared to IFN-γ (** = p<0.05) or CLDC+MPF (*** = p<0.01) treated controls. (D and E) Human macrophages were treated with D5W (untreated), IFN-γ or CLDC+MPF in the presence or absence of L-NMMA (D) or NAC (E) and then infected with SchuS4. IFN-γ and CLDC+MPF significantly lowered SchuS4 infected cells (* = p<0.05) compared to untreated controls. Addition of L-NMMA significantly increased the number of infected macrophages compared to IFN-γ (** = p<0.05), but not CLDC+MPF treated controls. Addition of NAC significantly increased the number of infected macrophages compared to CLDC+MPF (** = p<0.01), but not IFN-γ, treated controls.