Table 1.
Physiological parameters following dietary manipulation.
| Control | CDCA | Fat-free | Fat-free/CDCA | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BW change (g) | 161.4 ± 7.1 | 121.9 ± 7.0∗ | 197.1 ± 6.6∗ | 174.3 ± 4.5# |
| Adrenal weight (mg/g BW) | 0.082 ± 0.005 | 0.066 ± 0.005∗ | 0.11 ± 0.003∗ | 0.11 ± 0.003 |
| Cyp11b1 copies mRNA/μg total RNA | 9.13 ± 0.90 × 107 | 7.01 ± 0.74 × 107∗ | 8.14 ± 1.59 × 107 | 4.40 ± 0.43 × 107# |
| Liver | ||||
| Weight (mg/g BW) | 45.3 ± 0.9 | 43.7 ± 1.06 | 38.2 ± 3.0∗ | 33.3 ± 3.1 |
| Glycogen (μmol/mg) | 0.71 ± 0.15 | 0.68 ± 0.14 | 0.93 ± 0.09 | 1.07 ± 0.19 |
| Triglycerides (mg/g) | 14.7 ± 1.8 | 10.4 ± 1.5 | 18.6 ± 2.1 | 11.2 ± 1.6# |
| ALT (IU/L) | 78 ± 6.5 | 211 ± 31.8∗ | 36 ± 2.4 | 343 ± 118# |
| ALP (IU/L) | 9.25 ± 3.9 | 30 ± 17.7 | 4 ± 0.6 | 5 ± 1.8 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 39 ± 1.3 | 41 ± 3.0 | 42 ± 1.3 | 40 ± 0.6 |
| 5β-Reductase mRNA/18S | 0.79 ± 0.15 | 0.62 ± 0.04 | 0.42 ± 0.07 | 0.35 ± 0.04 |
| 3αHSD mRNA/18S | 0.67 ± 0.18 | 1.02 ± 0.27 | 0.44 ± 0.75 | 0.61 ± 0.25 |
| 3αHSD activity (nmol/mg/hr) | 6.22 ± 1.1 | 6.22 ± 0.6 | 9.55 ± 1.6 | 9.35 ± 2.1 |
| Plasma | ||||
| Corticosterone (nM) | 78 ± 19 | 82 ± 26 | 85 ± 10 | 53 ± 7# |
| Glucose (mM) | 8.4 ± 0.7 | 5.4 ± 0.7∗ | 5.4 ± 0.6∗ | 4.2 ± 0.5 |
| Insulin (μg/L) | 4.74 ± 0.60 | 2.87 ± 0.58∗ | 3.05 ± 0.48∗ | 1.78 ± 0.19# |
| Triglycerides (mM) | 1.5 ± 0.2 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 3.1 ± 0.3∗ | 1.3 ± 0.2# |
| Cholesterol (mM) | 1.89 ± 0.09 | 2.18 ± 0.11 | 1.81 ± 0.12 | 2.4 ± 0.1# |
| HDL cholesterol (mM) | 1.33 ± 0.08 | 1.59 ± 0.09∗ | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.08# |
| NEFA (mM) | 0.25 ± 0.03 | 0.27 ± 0.03 | 0.43 ± 0.04∗ | 0.49 ± 0.06 |
| Bile acids | ||||
| Cyp7a1 mRNA/U1 | 1.36 ± 0.06 | 0.70 ± 0.03∗ | 4.50 ± 0.56 | 2.78 ± 0.57# |
| Plasma (μM) | 28.0 ± 8.7 | 73.6 ± 15.9∗ | 31.9 ± 6.2 | 108.03 ± 16.4# |
| Hepatic (nmol/g) | 84.3 ± 17.7 | 115.7 ± 16.4 | 25.1 ± 7.1∗ | 34.8 ± 3.1 |
| Faecal (μmol/day) | 7.0 ± 0.8 | 12.5 ± 2.1∗ | 1.0 ± 0.3∗ | 5.3 ± 1.0# |
| Urinary steroids (ng/24 hr) | ||||
| 5β-THB | 377 ± 68 | 213 ± 45∗ | 305 ± 26 | 178 ± 22# |
| 5α-THB | 132 ± 32 | 187 ± 39 | 268 ± 49∗ | 240 ± 27 |
| Total | 508 ± 77 | 400 ± 47 | 651 ± 116 | 392 ± 51# |
CDCA, chenodeoxycholic acid; BW, body weight; ALT, alanine transaminase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; Cyp11b1, 11β-hydroxylase; NEFA, non-esterified fatty acids; HSD, hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; Cyp7a1, cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase; THB, tetrahydrocorticosterone.
Mean ± SEM; ∗p <0.05 vs Control, #p <0.05 vs Fat-free.