Table 2.
Cox regression models for toothbrushing and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events (fatal and non-fatal combined)
| Toothbrushing | CVD events/total | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted for age/sex | Model 1* | Model 2† | ||
| Total | 555/11 869 | — | — | — |
| Twice a day | 308/8481 | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) |
| Once a day | 188/2850 | 1.4 (1.2 to 1.7) | 1.3 (1.1 to 1.5) | 1.3 (1.0 to 1.5) |
| <Once a day | 59/538 | 2.3 (1.8 to 3.1) | 1.8 (1.3 to 2.4) | 1.7 (1.3 to 2.3) |
| P value for trend | — | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
*Adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic group, smoking, physical activity, and visits to dentist.
†Additionally adjusted for BMI, family history of cardiovascular disease, hypertension (diagnosed by doctor or clinic blood pressure >140/90 mm Hg), diabetes diagnosed by doctor.