Table 1.
Demographic, olfactory and cognitive measures in the Parkinson’s disease and control subjects
| Parkinson’s disease (n = 58) | Controls (n = 26) | Statistical significance | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 69.0 ± 7.6 | 67.2 ± 10.5 | t = 0.8; P = 0.44 |
| Education (year) | 15.0 ± 3.1 | 16.0 ± 2.8 | t = 1.4; P = 0.16 |
| Mini-Mental State Examination | 29.0 ± 1.4 | 29.8 ± 0.5 | tapprox = 4.0; P = 0.0001 |
| University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test | 16.7 ± 9.0 | 30.3±8.3 | t =6.6; P < 0.0001 |
| California Verbal Learning Test – Immediate Memory | 8.3 ± 2.1 | 10.2 ± 2.2 | t = 3.8; P = 0.0003 |
| California Verbal Learning Test – Short Term Memory | 8.2 ± 3.0 | 11.2 ± 2.7 | t = 4.4; P < 0.0001 |
| California Verbal Learning Test – Long Term Memory | 9.4 ± 3.5 | 11.1 ± 3.0 | t = 4.6; P < 0.0001 |
| Benton Visual Retention Test | 6.1 ± 2.0 | 7.7 ± 1.0 | tapprox = 4.6; P < 0.0001 |
| Stroop Colour Word Test 1 (s) | 62.4 ± 17.7 | 51.6 ± 12.6 | t = 2.8; P = 0.007 |
| Stroop Colour Word Test 2 (s) | 80.2 ± 16.7 | 66.4 ± 19.1 | t = 3.4; P = 0.001 |
| Stroop Colour Word Test 3 (s) | 155.5 ± 47.1 | 121.1 ± 41.1 | t = 3.2; P = 0.001 |
| Stroop Colour Word Test 4 (s) | 173.9 ± 58.8 | 141.2 ± 43.2 | t = 2.5; P = 0.013 |
| Picture Arrangement Test | 11.5 ± 5.0 | 13.0 ± 3.5 | tapprox = 1.5; P = 0.13 |
| Judgment of Line Orientation Test | 23.8 ± 4.2 | 24.5 ± 3.8 | t = 0.6; P = 0.52 |
Data are mean (±SD).