FIGURE 4.

Insulin and IGF-1 regulation of gene expression in WT, IRKO, and IGFRKO preadipocytes. WT, IRKO, and IGFRKO cells were grown to confluence, serum starved overnight, and stimulated with 10 nm insulin (gray bars) or IGF-1 (black bars) for 30 min or 6 h. Gene expression was measured by real time PCR using specific oligonucleotides. The data were normalized to levels of TBP mRNA. Results are mean ± standard error of the mean from 5 to 6 independent experiments. * indicates a significant difference compared with a similar treatment in WT cells, p value <0.05 by Student's t test.