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. 2010 Jan 5;171(3):292–302. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwp376

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Hypothesized causal pathways by which lifetime exposure to secondhand smoke could increase the risk of dementia—directly (solid arrow) or indirectly (dashed arrows)—by exacerbating the effects of clinical cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction, angina, stroke/transient ischemic attack) or subclinical cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease.