Figure 8. Propentofylline reverses over-expression of GFAP and phospho-p38 in rats treated with dual CB₁/CB₂ receptor blockade.

Representative images show spinal GFAP (A) and phospho-p38 staining (B) in the ipsilateral L5 dorsal horn of animals treated from days 1-9 with AM281 + AM630 and subsequently treated on days 14 and 15 with the glial modulator propentofylline (PPF, 50 µg in 10 µl, i.t., n = 4) or saline (Sal, 10 µl, i.t., n = 3). Staining of GFAP (C) and phospho-p-38 (D) was quantified as the number of pixels above a set threshold per total pixels in the selected area. Controls (Veh, n = 3) were treated with the antagonist vehicle for nine days but did not receive either propentofylline or saline treatment. *p<0.05 vs. AM281 + AM630/saline group by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's post test.