Table 1.

Tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Reference study	N	Mean stone burden	Postoperative drainage	Additional hemostasis used	Complications	Hospital stay (days)	Stone clearance%
Bellman et al. [21]	50	-	JJsN (30), JJs (20)	Nil	-	0.6	-
Delnay and Wake [23]	33	-	JJs	Nil	-	1.5	94
Limb and Bellman [24]	112	3.3 cm2	JJs	Nil	Pseudo-aneurysm(1)	1.2	93
Goh and Wolf [33]	10	1.8 cm	EUC(6), JJs (4)	Nil	1	2.3	80
Lojanapiwat et al .[ 34]	37	3.06 cm	EUC	Nil	Minor bleeding (2)	3.63	92
Karami et al. [36]	201	3 cm	EUC	Nil	UTI (16)	3.5	91.04
Gupta et al.[38]	69	1,082 mm2	EUC	Diathermy	Nil	1.14	97.2
Yew and Bellman [40]	4	>3 cm	Tail-stent(7F/3F)	Nil	Nil	1.5	100
Singh [65]	10	161 mm2	EUC	Diathermy	-	1.6	100
Yang et al.[67]	138	-	JJs	Nil	Nil	1.82	94.5

(N-Number of patients/renal unit; JJs-Double-J stent; JJsN-Double-J stent + Nephrostomy tube; EUC-External ureteric catheter)