Table 3.

Reports of totally tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Reference study	N	Length of stay (days)	Stone-free rates (%)	Transfusion rate (%)	Complications
Wickham et al.[8]	100	2 (mode)	94	NA	Bleeding (22%), infection (10%)
Winfield [20]	2	9	-	-	100%
Bdesha et al.[43]	32	2 (median)	-	Not stated	Not significant
Karami et al.[44]	30	1.5	90	0	Infection (2)
Aghamir et al.[45]	43	1.6	100	0	Not significant
Gupta et al.[46]	96	1.8	-	1.04	Not significant
Crook et al.[47]	100	2.9	76	1	One hydrothorax, 1 sepsis/bleed (horseshoes)

N-Number of patients/renal unit