Table 1.
The frequency of cattle mtDNA sequences and cattle-specific microsatellite alleles (%) in domestic yak populations.
| Country/ area | Population | N | mtDNA | ILSTS013 | ILSTS050 | SPS115 | Three microsatellite loci together1 | MtDNA + three microsatellite loci together1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| China | Luqu | 30 | 3.33 (1) | 0 | 0 | 20.00 (6) | 20.00 (6) | 23.3 (7) |
| Maqu | 45 | 0 | 2.22 (1) | 2.22 (1) | 13.33 (6) | 17.78 (8) | 17.8 (8) | |
| Xiahe | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11.76 (2) | 11.76 (2) | 11.8 (2) | |
| Jianzha | 34 | 0 | 2.94 (1) | 0 | 23.53 (8) | 23.53 (8) | 23.5 (8) | |
| Datong | 38 | 5.26 (2) | 2.63 (1) | 5.26 (2) | 7.89 (3) | 15.79 (6) | 18.4 (7) | |
| Jiali | 50 | 0 | 2.00 (1) | 0 | 22.00 (11) | 22.00 (11) | 22.0 (11) | |
| Bazhou | 51 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7.84 (4) | 7.84 (4) | 7.8 (4) | |
| Heartland QTP | 265 | 1.13 (3) | 1.51 (4) | 1.13 (3) | 15.09 (40) | 16.98 (45) | 17.78 (47) | |
| China | Tianzhu Black | 46 | 10.87 (5) | 4.35 (2) | 2.17 (1) | 4.35 (2) | 10.87 (5) | 19.6 (9) |
| Tianzhu White | 48 | 2.08 (1) | 0 | 6.25 (3) | 14.58 (7) | 20.83 (10) | 22.9 (11) | |
| Sunan | 36 | 5.56 (2) | 5.56 (2) | 0 | 13.89 (5) | 19.44 (7) | 25.0 (9) | |
| Maiwa | 24 | 8.33 (2)2 | 16.67 (4) | 0 | 16.67 (4) | 33.33 (8) | 41.7 (10) | |
| Jiulong | 24 | 4.17 (1) | 29.17 (7) | 0 | 4.17 (1) | 33.33 (8) | 37.5 (9) | |
| Surrounding QTP | 178 | 6.18 (11) | 8.43 (15) | 2.25 (4) | 10.67 (19) | 21.35 (38) | 26.97 (48) | |
| Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) overall | 443 | 3.16 (14) | 4.29 (19) | 1.58 (7) | 13.32 (59) | 18.74 (83) | 21.44 (95) | |
| China | Pali | 46 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Kashi | 47 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Aksu | 31 | 0 | 6.45 (2) | 3.23 (1) | 0 | 9.68 (3) | 9.7 (3) | |
| India | Northeast Indian | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Northwest Indian | 44 | 0 | 15.91 (7) | 0 | 2.27 (1) | 18.18 (8) | 18.2 (8) | |
| Bhutan | East Bhutanese | 32 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Central Bhutanese | 32 | 3.13 (1) | 3.13 (1) | 0 | 3.13 (1) | 6.25 (2) | 9.4 (3) | |
| West Bhutanese | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Nepal | Nepalese | 25 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Pakistan | Pakistani | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Kyrgyzstan | Kyrgyzstan | 44 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.27 (1) | 2.27 (1) | 2.3 (1) |
| Himalaya and Pamir Plateau (HPP) | 405 | 0.25 (1) | 2.63(10) | 0.25 (1) | 0.79 (3) | 3.46 (14) | 3.70 (15) | |
| Mongolia | Hovsgol | 40 | 0 | 2.50 (1) | 0 | 0 | 2.50 (1) | 2.5 (1) |
| Ubs | 30 | 0 | 0 | 3.33 (1) | 0 | 3.33 (1) | 3.3 (1) | |
| Gobi Altai | 38 | 2.63 (1) | 5.26 (2) | 0 | 0 | 5.26 (2) | 7.9 (3) | |
| North Hangai | 49 | 4.08 (2) | 6.12 (3) | 6.12 (3) | 2.04 (1) | 10.20 (5) | 14.3 (7) | |
| South Gobi | 31 | 0 | 6.45 (2) | 0 | 3.23 (1) | 9.68 (3) | 9.7 (3) | |
| Russia | Buryatia | 40 | 2.50 (1) | 2.50 (1) | 0 | 0 | 2.50 (1) | 5.0 (2) |
| Mongolia and Russia (M&R) | 228 | 1.75 (4) | 3.95 (9) | 1.75 (4) | 0.88 (2) | 5.70 (13) | 7.46 (17) | |
| Grand total | 1076 | 1.77 (19) | 3.62 (38) | 1.14 (12) | 6.09 (64) | 10.22 (110) | 11.80 (127) | |
The numbers of yak individuals showing cattle introgression are given in the parentheses. N, sample size; -, no PCR amplification.
1
Individual animal showing more than one cattle-specific mtDNA or autosomal microsatellite alleles at ILSTS013, ILSTS050 and SPS115 is counted as one individual when calculating the individual frequency of cattle introgression.
2
No mtDNA control region sequence obtained.