Table 2.

Parameter estimates and model fitting for multiple-rate Brownian models in Agamidae, where evolutionary rates are associated with inferred habitat use states. Values are means ± standard errors from model fitting across 500 reconstructions of habitat use on agamid phylogenies sampled from posterior probability distribution. Bold denotes the best fitting model.

Character	Model	Root state	Rate rock	Rate terr	Rate semi	Rate arbor	−ln L	AICc	ΔAICc	Weight
PC 1	4-rate full	1.457 ± 0.425	2.239 ± 2.062	20.334 ± 4.668	146.070 ± 46.015	13.221 ± 2.150	203.45 ± 1.81	417.61 ± 3.63	0.00	0.482
	3-rate shared tree effect	1.877 ± 0.389	2.036 ± 1.780	27.429 ± 5.480	18.238 ± 2.949	18.238 ± 2.949	209.54 ± 1.74	427.54 ± 3.47	9.93	0.003
	3-rate shared ground effect	1.745 ± 0.462	1.959 ± 1.632	35.199 ± 4.287	35.199 ± 4.287	12.292 ± 1.993	206.60 ± 2.12	421.68 ± 4.25	4.07	0.063
	3-rate shared incline effect	1.106 ± 0.286	11.586 ± 1.959	20.294 ± 4.645	148.404 ± 48.172	11.586 ± 1.959	205.54 ± 1.73	419.56 ± 3.47	1.94	0.183
	2-rate rock effect	1.846 ± 0.340	2.198 ± 1.967	21.473 ± 1.233	21.473 ± 1.233	21.473 ± 1.233	210.08 ± 1.59	426.45 ± 3.19	8.83	0.006
	2-rate terrestrial effect	1.558 ± 0.290	15.370 ± 2.378	28.997 ± 4.786	15.370 ± 2.378	15.370 ± 2.378	212.55 ± 1.68	431.37 ± 3.36	13.76	0.000
	2-rate semi-arboreal effect	0.901 ± 0.159	14.125 ± 0.864	14.125 ± 0.864	166.730 ± 51.746	14.125 ± 0.864	206.38 ± 1.60	419.03 ± 3.20	1.42	0.238
	2-rate arboreal effect	1.315 ± 0.262	27.538 ± 2.628	27.538 ± 2.628	27.538 ± 2.628	12.889 ± 2.039	211.57 ± 1.73	429.41 ± 3.46	11.80	0.001
	2-rate incline-ground	1.498 ± 0.376	10.723 ± 1.689	35.950 ± 3.899	35.950 ± 3.899	10.723 ± 1.689	208.71 ± 2.16	423.70 ± 4.32	6.09	0.023
	1-rate no effect	1.384 ± 0.133	19.575 ± 1.043	19.575 ± 1.043	19.575 ± 1.043	19.575 ± 1.043	213.59 ± 1.31	431.31 ± 2.63	13.70	0.001
PC 2	4-rate full	0.244 ± 0.256	0.071 ± 0.122	1.524 ± 0.423	0.265 ± 0.406	0.482 ± 0.190	73.83 ± 1.98	158.37 ± 3.96	2.63	0.074
	3-rate shared tree effect	0.209 ± 0.231	0.081 ± 0.136	1.575 ± 0.399	0.450 ± 0.156	0.450 ± 0.156	74.13 ± 2.16	156.73 ± 4.32	0.99	0.168
	3-rate shared ground effect	0.204 ± 0.276	0.080 ± 0.145	1.429 ± 0.434	1.429 ± 0.434	0.464 ± 0.204	74.72 ± 2.03	157.91 ± 4.06	2.18	0.093
	3-rate shared incline effect	0.145 ± 0.195	0.416 ± 0.150	1.614 ± 0.421	0.324 ± 0.439	0.416 ± 0.150	74.49 ± 2.25	157.45 ± 4.49	1.71	0.117
	2-rate rock effect	0.503 ± 0.140	0.043 ± 0.064	0.773 ± 0.043	0.773 ± 0.043	0.773 ± 0.043	76.67 ± 1.17	159.61 ± 2.35	3.88	0.040
	2-rate terrestrial effect	0.136 ± 0.172	0.404 ± 0.122	1.632 ± 0.387	0.404 ± 0.122	0.404 ± 0.122	74.73 ± 2.38	155.74 ± 4.76	0.00	0.275
	2-rate semi-arboreal effect	0.397 ± 0.035	0.736 ± 0.037	0.736 ± 0.037	0.051 ± 0.218	0.736 ± 0.037	77.32 ± 1.23	160.92 ± 2.45	5.19	0.021
	2-rate arboreal effect	0.163 ± 0.217	1.089 ± 0.349	1.089 ± 0.349	1.089 ± 0.349	0.500 ± 0.205	76.74 ± 1.73	159.75 ± 3.46	4.01	0.037
	2-rate incline-ground	0.110 ± 0.207	0.400 ± 0.156	1.510 ± 0.419	1.510 ± 0.419	0.400 ± 0.156	75.34 ± 2.31	156.97 ± 4.61	1.23	0.149
	1-rate no effect	0.375 ± 0.030	0.709 ± 0.032	0.709 ± 0.032	0.709 ± 0.032	0.709 ± 0.032	78.05 ± 1.19	160.24 ± 2.37	4.51	0.029
PC 3	4-rate full	−0.218 ± 0.144	0.032 ± 0.084	1.914 ± 0.475	0.822 ± 0.868	0.382 ± 0.200	70.89 ± 3.77	152.49 ± 7.53	1.12	0.119
	3-rate shared tree effect	−0.201 ± 0.143	0.034 ± 0.091	1.867 ± 0.414	0.414 ± 0.160	0.414 ± 0.160	71.64 ± 3.53	151.76 ± 7.06	0.39	0.173
	3-rate shared ground effect	−0.235 ± 0.139	0.030 ± 0.074	1.792 ± 0.430	1.792 ± 0.430	0.370 ± 0.197	71.50 ± 3.85	151.47 ± 7.71	0.11	0.199
	3-rate shared incline effect	−0.180 ± 0.116	0.337 ± 0.165	1.958 ± 0.477	0.879 ± 0.881	0.337 ± 0.165	71.95 ± 4.21	152.36 ± 8.42	0.99	0.127
	2-rate rock effect	−0.283 ± 0.098	0.036 ± 0.067	0.854 ± 0.044	0.854 ± 0.044	0.854 ± 0.044	77.81 ± 1.15	161.89 ± 2.30	10.52	0.001
	2-rate terrestrial effect	−0.155 ± 0.106	0.373 ± 0.133	1.907 ± 0.420	0.373 ± 0.133	0.373 ± 0.133	72.82 ± 3.91	151.92 ± 7.82	0.55	0.159
	2-rate semi-arboreal effect	−0.154 ± 0.041	0.799 ± 0.051	0.799 ± 0.051	0.292 ± 0.737	0.799 ± 0.051	79.64 ± 1.34	165.56 ± 2.68	14.19	0.000
	2-rate arboreal effect	−0.131 ± 0.068	1.382 ± 0.360	1.382 ± 0.360	1.382 ± 0.360	0.400 ± 0.217	75.45 ± 3.37	157.18 ± 6.74	5.81	0.011
	2-rate incline-ground	−0.198 ± 0.113	0.327 ± 0.162	1.838 ± 0.432	1.838 ± 0.432	0.327 ± 0.162	72.54 ± 4.31	151.37 ± 8.63	0.00	0.210
	1-rate no effect	−0.167 ± 0.029	0.777 ± 0.038	0.777 ± 0.038	0.777 ± 0.038	0.777 ± 0.038	80.17 ± 1.08	164.48 ± 2.16	13.12	0.000
PC 4	4-rate full	−0.041 ± 0.050	0.007 ± 0.017	0.518 ± 0.056	0.530 ± 0.399	0.236 ± 0.027	52.45 ± 0.79	115.62 ± 1.58	1.86	0.062
	3-rate shared tree effect	−0.032 ± 0.047	0.006 ± 0.017	0.522 ± 0.054	0.249 ± 0.018	0.249 ± 0.018	52.78 ± 0.76	114.02 ± 1.52	0.26	0.138
	3-rate shared ground effect	−0.042± 0.047	0.007± 0.017	0.517± 0.056	0.517± 0.056	0.234± 0.022	52.64± 0.83	113.76± 1.66	0.00	0.158
	3-rate shared incline effect	−0.068 ± 0.021	0.209 ± 0.023	0.497 ± 0.053	0.568 ± 0.407	0.209 ± 0.023	53.66 ± 0.76	115.79 ± 1.53	2.03	0.057
	2-rate rock effect	−0.039 ± 0.040	0.010 ± 0.021	0.326 ± 0.016	0.326 ± 0.016	0.326 ± 0.016	53.86 ± 0.62	113.99 ± 1.23	0.23	0.140
	2-rate terrestrial effect	−0.059 ± 0.015	0.223 ± 0.016	0.502 ± 0.054	0.223 ± 0.016	0.223 ± 0.016	54.07 ± 0.71	114.42 ± 1.42	0.66	0.113
	2-rate terrestrial effect	−0.085 ± 0.017	0.286 ± 0.021	0.286 ± 0.021	0.500 ± 0.402	0.286 ± 0.021	55.05 ± 0.51	116.37 ± 1.01	2.61	0.043
	2-rate arboreal effect	−0.085 ± 0.010	0.384 ± 0.036	0.384 ± 0.036	0.384 ± 0.036	0.237 ± 0.023	54.82 ± 0.61	115.93 ± 1.21	2.17	0.053
	2-rate arboreal effect	−0.069 ± 0.016	0.208 ± 0.020	0.503 ± 0.057	0.503 ± 0.057	0.208 ± 0.020	53.85 ± 0.81	113.99 ± 1.63	0.23	0.141
	1-rate no effect	−0.082 ± 0.010	0.293 ± 0.014	0.293 ± 0.014	0.293 ± 0.014	0.293 ± 0.014	55.32 ± 0.48	114.78 ± 0.97	1.02	0.095

PC, principal component; AIC, Akaike information criterion.