Table 2.
Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics
| n = 31 | |
|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR) | 71 (62–79) |
| Age > 65 years | 22 (71) |
| Male sex | 25 (81) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 10 (32) |
| Hypertension | 18 (58) |
| Chronic kidney diseasea | 6 (19) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 0 |
| History of congestive heart failureb | 11 (36) |
| History of coronary artery disease | 14 (45) |
| Previous coronary artery bypass graft | 2 (6) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 8 (26) |
| High-risk criteria for mitral valve surgery with cardiopulmonary bypassc | |
| Contraindications to extracorporeal circulation | 12 (39) |
| Logistic EuroSCORE > 20% | 7 (23) |
| Autoimmune disease | 5 (16) |
| Severe renal failure requiring haemodialysis | 4 (13) |
| Hepatic cirrhosis | 3 (10) |
Data are expressed as counts and percentages if not otherwise specified. IQR, interquartile range.
aDefined as estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2.
bDefined as prior hospitalization with documentation of exertional dyspnoea, fatigue, bilateral pedal oedema, orthopnoea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea, acute pulmonary oedema, or rales.
cHigh-risk criteria in patients with EuroSCORE < 20% included contraindications to cardiopulmonary bypass (e.g. pre-existing cancer, pulmonary, or cerebral disease) and co-morbidities not included in the EuroSCORE but deemed at high risk, based on the consensus between a local independent cardiologist and a cardiac surgeon that conventional surgery would be associated with excessive morbidity and mortality.