. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Nov 1.

Published in final edited form as: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009 Oct 27;18(11):2984–2991. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-1245

Table 3.

Correlation of variables by exposure type associated with gene-specific promoter methylation

Variables	APC	CCND2	GSTP1	MGMT	RARβ2	P16
Variables	P (χ²)^*	P (χ²)	P (χ²)	P (χ²)	P (χ²)	P (χ²)
Age	0.544	0.822	0.181	0.921	0.715	0.616
Nonsmoking	0.722	0.053	0.665	0.889	0.306	0.921
Income (>$50,000)	0.187	0.011	0.567	0.06	0.068	0.507
Family cancer history	0.203	0.884	0.054	0.454	0.673	0.846
Diet and nutrition (high fat)	0.819	0.998	0.249	0.645	0.007	0.814
CO (<6 ppm)	0.621	0.542	0.042	0.553	0.529	0.132
Environmental tobacco smoke	0.315	0.353	0.368	0.043	0.25	0.007
Nonalcohol	0.125	0.016	0.43	0.321	0.088	0.367
Diabetes	0.041	0.814	0.685	0.715	0.034	0.639

NOTE: Referent group for each variable: age 1 (40–49) and 2 (50 and 90); current smokers; $0 to $49,999; no cancer in family; low fat; ≥6 ppm; no environmental tobacco smoke exposure; current alcohol; no diabetes.

P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.