Table 1.
Selected characteristics of the study population
| Cases N=992 N (%) | Controls N=1,459 N (%) | P-value * | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Study center | <0.001 | ||
| Romania – Bucharest | 75 (7.6) | 155 (10.6) | |
| Poland – Lodz | 88 (8.9) | 197 (13.5) | |
| Russia – Moscow | 287 (29.9) | 462 (31.7) | |
| Czech Republic | |||
| Brno | 145 (14.6) | 145 (9.9) | |
| Olomouc | 137 (13.8) | 192 (13.2) | |
| Prague | 135 (13.6) | 186 (12.8) | |
| Ceske Budejovice | 125 (12.6) | 122 (8.4) | |
| Sex | 0.008 | ||
| Male | 590 (59.5) | 945 (64.8) | |
| Female | 402 (40.5) | 514 (35.2) | |
| Age (years) | 0.9 | ||
| <50 | 165 (16.6) | 252 (17.3) | |
| 50–59 | 315 (31.8) | 464 (31.8) | |
| 60–69 | 312 (31.5) | 456 (31.2) | |
| 70+ | 200 (21.2) | 287 (19.7) | |
| Educational attainment | <0.001 | ||
| High | 313 (31.6) | 353 (24.2) | |
| Medium | 572 (57.7) | 984 (67.4) | |
| Low | 107 (10.8) | 122 (8.4) | |
| Current residence | <0.001 | ||
| Rural (<10,000 inhabitants) | 274 (27.6) | 294 (20.2) | |
| Urban (10,000+ inhabitants) | 718 (72.4) | 1165 (79.8) | |
| Tobacco smoking | 0.006 | ||
| Never smoker | 466 (47.0) | 592 (40.6) | |
| < 20 pack-years | 221 (22.3) | 373 (25.6) | |
| 20–39 pack-years | 216 (21.8) | 321 (22.0) | |
| 40+ pack years | 89 (9.0) | 171 (11.7) | |
| Alcohol drinking (ethanol ml/day) | 0.002 | ||
| Never drinkers | 92 (11.1) | 148 (11.7) | |
| >0–8 ml/day | 412 (50.0) | 552 (43.7) | |
| >8–18 ml/day | 177 (21.4) | 259 (20.5) | |
| >18 ml/day | 145 (17.6) | 305 (24.1) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | <0.001 | ||
| < 25.0 | 285 (28.7) | 529 (36.3) | |
| 25.0 – 29.9 | 434 (43.8) | 615 (42.2) | |
| ≥ 30 | 273 (27.5) | 315 (21.6) | |
| Hypertension, self-reported (yes/no) | 0.001 | ||
| Yes | 449 (45.3) | 566 (38.8) | |
| No | 543 (54.7) | 893 (61.2) | |
*
p-value calculated using chi-square testing