Representative immunohistochemistry images (a) and the antibody-positive area (b) for desmin, and glomerular expression of podocin (c) and nephrin (d) mRNA. Podocyte injury revealed by desmin and mRNA expression of glomerular podocin and nephrin was increased in SHR/ND, which was significantly improved by cilnidipine but not by amlodipine. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. WKY, #P < 0.05 vs. SHR/ND, †P < 0.05 vs. SHR/ND + amlodipine (n = 11–12). SHR, spontaneously hypertensive rat; WKY, Wistar–Kyoto rats.