. 2009 Mar;87(1):7–47. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-0009.2009.00546.x

TABLE 4.

OLS Regression Results for Redistributive, Compensatory, and Price-Raising Policies

	Redistributive Policies			Compensatory Policies			Price-Raising Policies
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
Demographic^a and health^b characteristics
Female	0.355^***	0.341^***	0.307^***	0.246^***	0.239^***	0.203^***	0.001	−0.002	0.030
	(5.31)	(5.26)	(4.71)	(4.36)	(4.30)	(3.69)	(0.02)	(0.02)	(0.43)
Age 30–44	−0.027	0.004	0.043	0.051	0.069	0.118	−0.004	0.006	0.027
	(0.29)	(0.04)	(0.48)	(0.64)	(0.89)	(1.56)	(0.04)	(0.07)	(0.27)
Age 45–59	−0.233^**	−0.200^**	−0.201^**	0.069	0.089	0.090	−0.213^**	−0.209^**	−0.206^**
	(2.44)	(2.14)	(2.19)	(0.86)	(1.11)	(1.16)	(2.16)	(2.09)	(2.07)
Age 60+	−0.223^*	−0.180	−0.203	0.189^*	0.227^**	0.183	−0.257^*	−0.228	−0.198
	(1.65)	(1.36)	(1.55)	(1.66)	(2.00)	(1.64)	(1.85)	(1.62)	(1.39)
Black	0.353^***	0.160	0.132	0.208^**	0.077	0.052	0.042	0.013	0.043
	(3.26)	(1.47)	(1.22)	(2.29)	(0.83)	(0.56)	(0.38)	(0.11)	(0.36)
Hispanic	0.401^***	0.307^**	0.327^***	0.311^***	0.246^**	0.261^**	0.349^**	0.359^**	0.321^**
	(3.06)	(2.41)	(2.60)	(2.80)	(2.23)	(2.45)	(2.53)	(2.57)	(2.30)
Other race	0.380^***	0.335^***	0.306^***	0.290^***	0.253^***	0.216^***	0.226^**	0.208^**	0.206^**
	(3.75)	(3.38)	(3.13)	(3.44)	(3.02)	(2.65)	(2.19)	(1.99)	(1.96)
High school diploma	0.153	0.152	0.151	0.125	0.119	0.108	0.101	0.100	0.104
	(1.55)	(1.57)	(1.58)	(1.50)	(1.43)	(1.33)	(0.99)	(0.96)	(1.00)
Some college	0.081	0.097	0.068	0.129	0.138	0.100	−0.003	−0.014	−0.038
	(0.76)	(0.94)	(0.66)	(1.43)	(1.54)	(1.14)	(0.03)	(0.13)	(0.34)
Bachelor's degree+	0.221^**	0.210^**	0.183^*	0.150	0.152	0.113	0.069	0.048	0.032
	(2.01)	(1.96)	(1.73)	(1.61)	(1.64)	(1.26)	(0.60)	(0.42)	(0.27)
Middle income	−0.029	−0.002	−0.007	−0.069	−0.037	−0.052	−0.134^*	−0.131	−0.103
	(0.39)	(0.02)	(0.10)	(1.07)	(0.58)	(0.84)	(1.71)	(1.65)	(1.29)
High income	−0.025	−0.012	−0.001	0.013	0.034	0.031	0.031	0.034	0.010
	(0.26)	(0.13)	(0.01)	(0.17)	(0.43)	(0.40)	(0.32)	(0.34)	(0.10)
Unemployed	0.040	−0.016	−0.024	0.075	0.047	0.041	−0.068	−0.077	−0.060
	(0.27)	(0.11)	(0.17)	(0.60)	(0.38)	(0.34)	(0.44)	(0.50)	(0.39)
Retired	−0.136	−0.126	−0.127	0.078	0.075	0.090	0.155	0.148	0.093
	(1.02)	(0.96)	(0.98)	(0.69)	(0.66)	(0.81)	(1.13)	(1.06)	(0.66)
Other employment	0.124	0.129	0.107	0.134^*	0.152^*	0.119	0.043	0.024	−0.001
	(1.34)	(1.42)	(1.20)	(1.70)	(1.94)	(1.57)	(0.45)	(0.25)	(0.01)
Region: Midwest	−0.183^*	−0.189^**	−0.132	−0.178^**	−0.185^**	−0.141^*	−0.042	−0.037	−0.028
	(1.85)	(1.97)	(1.38)	(2.12)	(2.23)	(1.75)	(0.41)	(0.36)	(0.27)
Region: South	−0.154^*	−0.125	−0.087	−0.109	−0.090	−0.062	0.010	0.011	−0.022
	(1.66)	(1.38)	(0.98)	(1.38)	(1.16)	(0.81)	(0.10)	(0.11)	(0.23)
Region: West	−0.39^***	−0.41^**	−0.393^***	−0.342^***	−0.352^***	−0.349^***	−0.154	−0.164	−0.179^*
	(3.82)	(4.10)	(4.04)	(3.95)	(4.12)	(4.23)	(1.46)	(1.55)	(1.69)
BMI 25–29	0.015	−0.010	−0.010	0.001	−0.015	−0.027	0.033	0.019	0.011
	(0.18)	(0.12)	(0.13)	(0.01)	(0.22)	(0.41)	(0.39)	(0.23)	(0.13)
BMI 30+	0.087	0.109	0.091	0.038	0.058	0.042	−0.125	−0.122	−0.113
	(1.04)	(1.35)	(1.14)	(0.55)	(0.84)	(0.62)	(1.48)	(1.42)	(1.31)
Good health	−0.123^*	−0.129^*	−0.17^**	−0.012	−0.011	−0.045	−0.15^**	−0.15^**	−0.115
	(1.67)	(1.80)	(2.40)	(0.19)	(0.18)	(0.75)	(1.99)	(1.96)	(1.51)
Fair/poor health	0.016	−0.022	−0.049	0.097	0.061	0.039	−0.052	−0.051	−0.023
	(0.15)	(0.22)	(0.49)	(1.08)	(0.69)	(0.45)	(0.48)	(0.47)	(0.21)
Exercise 1 to 2 times per week	0.130	0.127	0.097	0.010	0.016	−0.005	0.092	0.100	0.117
	(1.46)	(1.48)	(1.15)	(0.13)	(0.22)	(0.07)	(1.01)	(1.09)	(1.28)
Exercise <1 times per week	0.014	0.037	0.004	−0.028	−0.004	−0.033	−0.3^***	−0.2^***	−0.2^***
	(0.17)	(0.49)	(0.05)	(0.43)	(0.07)	(0.52)	(3.10)	(2.95)	(2.64)
Political characteristics^c
Moderate		0.28^***	0.26^***		0.20^***	0.18^***		0.024	0.017
		(3.49)	(3.29)		(2.88)	(2.70)		(0.29)	(0.21)
Liberal		0.35^***	0.33^***		0.196^**	0.186^**		0.096	0.091
		(3.76)	(3.58)		(2.43)	(2.37)		(0.96)	(0.90)
Undecided/independent		−0.260^*	−0.288^*		0.017	−0.053		−0.245	−0.216
		(1.67)	(1.85)		(0.13)	(0.40)		(1.50)	(1.30)
Democrat		0.33^***	0.29^***		0.23^***	0.17^***		0.060	0.083
		(4.31)	(3.76)		(3.39)	(2.69)		(0.73)	(0.99)
Metaphors^d
Disability			0.02^***			0.02^***			−0.01^**
			(4.07)			(4.74)			(2.36)
Eating disorder			0.01^***			0.01^***			−0.01^**
			(3.14)			(3.21)			(2.40)
Addiction			0.009^**			0.01^***			−0.01^**
			(2.55)			(3.42)			(2.05)
Time crunch			0.01^***			0.01^***			−0.01^*
			(2.87)			(3.77)			(1.76)
Industry manipulation			0.02^***			0.02^***			0.004
			(4.93)			(6.77)			(0.96)
Toxic environment			0.01^***			0.01^***			−0.002
			(4.61)			(5.61)			(0.62)
N	973	962	952	973	962	952	981	970	959
R-squared	0.11	0.18	0.22	0.08	0.11	0.18	0.06	0.07	0.09

Notes: Absolute value of t statistics in parentheses;

significant at 10%;

^**

significant at 5%;

^***

significant at 1%.

The reference category for age is 18 to 29; the reference category for race is white/non-Hispanic; the reference category for education is less than a high school diploma; the reference category for income is low income (<$30,000); the reference category for employment status is full- or part-time employment; and the reference category for region of the country is the Northeast.

The reference category for body mass index is <25; the reference category for self-reported health is excellent/very good; and the reference category for self-reported exercise is 3+ times per week.

The reference category for ideology is conservative, and the reference category for political party identification is Republican.

The reference category for metaphors is sinful behavior.