Table 3.
Unadjusted, partially adjusted and fully adjusted effect of antenatal only, incident postnatal and chronic CMD on infant undernutrition at the age of six and twelve months in the P-MaMiE study
| Model | Timing for main exposure | Six month time point | One year time point | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Underweight OR(95% CI) | Stunting OR(95% CI) | Underweight OR(95% CI) | Stunting OR(95% CI) | ||
| Unadjusted | |||||
| Never exposed | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Pregnancy only | 1.53(0.91, 2.60) | 0.90(0.52, 1.56) | 1.71(1.05, 2.80) | 1.30(0.83, 2.03) | |
| Postnatal only | 0.26(0.03, 2.02) | 0.99(0.31, 3.13) | 1.11(0.36, 3.42) | 1.10(0.43, 2.80) | |
| Both time points | 1.03(0.38, 2.81) | 0.90(0.35, 2.31) | 0.35(0.08, 1.52) | 0.71(0.30, 1.65) | |
| Adjusted for Household characteristics | |||||
| Never exposed | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Pregnancy only | 1.44(0.82, 2.54) | 0.90(0.51, 1.58) | 1.46(0.86, 2.47) | 1.12(0.70, 1.79) | |
| Postnatal only | 0.33(0.04, 2.57) | 0.97(0.30, 3.09) | 1.31(0.41, 4.17) | 1.26(0.28, 3.26) | |
| Both time points | 1.09(0.40, 3.03) | 0.89(0.35, 2.29) | 0.32(0.07, 1.40) | 0.68(0.29, 1.62) | |
| Maternal characteristics | |||||
| Never exposed | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Pregnancy only | 1.65(0.95, 2.87) | 0.84(0.47, 1.50) | 1.54(0.91, 2.63) | 1.27(0.79, 2.04) | |
| Postnatal only | 0.23(0.03, 1.78) | 0.87(0.27, 2.78) | 0.99(0.32, 3.13) | 1.04(0.40, 2.26) | |
| Both time points | 0.98(0.35, 2.73) | 0.82(0.32, 2.14) | 0.30(0.07, 1.30) | 0.69(0.29, 1.63) | |
| Infant characteristics | |||||
| Never exposed | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Pregnancy only | 1.68(0.97, 2.91) | 0.98(0.56, 1.71) | 1.75(1.05, 2.94) | 1.39(0.87, 2.21) | |
| Postnatal only | 0.30(0.04, 2.34) | 0.98(0.31, 3.14) | 1.17(0.38, 3.61) | 1.08(0.42, 2.75) | |
| Both time points | 0.98(0.36, 2.70) | 0.87(0.34, 2.23) | 0.35(0.08, 1.49) | 0.70(0.30, 1.64) | |
| Feeding practices | |||||
| Never exposed | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Pregnancy only | 1.68 (0.97, 2.91) | 0.98(0.56, 1.71) | 1.75(1.05, 2.93) | 1.39(0.87, 2.21) | |
| Postnatal only | 0.30(0.04, 2.34) | 0.98(0.31, 3.14) | 1.17(0.38, 3.61) | 1.08(0.42, 2.75) | |
| Both time points | 0.98(0.36, 2.70) | 0.87(0.34, 2.23) | 0.35(0.08, 149) | 0.70(0.30, 1.64) | |
| Fully adjusted | |||||
| Never exposed | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Pregnancy only | 1.43(0.76, 2.71) | 0.86(0.46, 1.62) | 1.07(0.58, 1.97) | 1.14(0.67, 1.96) | |
| Postnatal only | 0.21(0.02, 1.86) | 0.67(0.20, 2.27) | 1.07(0.33, 3.62) | 1.06(0.39, 2.94) | |
| Both time points | 0.85(0.29, 2.50) | 0.64(0.24, 1.73) | 0.25(0.06, 1.15) | 0.66(0.27, 1.63) | |
| From Literature | |||||
| Rahman et al 2004** | Chronic cases | 5.9(2.7, 12.8) | 5.5(1.9, 16.0) | 3.5(2.2, 5.6) | 3.2(1.9, 5.6) |
** Measures of association reported by the authors are unadjusted estimates of relative risks