Figure 2.

Signals feeding into Akt and their relay to downstream target molecules and cellular processes. DR, death receptor; FOXO, Forkhead family of transcription factors; GSK3, glycogen synthase kinase 3; IGF 1/2, insulin-like growth factor 1/2; IKKβ/2, inhibitor of kappa-B kinase β/2; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa-B; P, phosphate; PDK1, 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PIP₂, phosphatidylinositol 4,5 diphosphate; PIP₃, phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten; S6K, S6 kinase; TSC1/2, tuberous sclerosis complex 1/2.