Dry weight, P content, and root growth of Arabidopsis plants grown on medium with and without DNA. Dry weight (A), P content (B), and primary root length (F) were similar in plants grown with and without DNA while number of lateral root (C), lateral root length (D), and root hair length (E) increased in response to addition of DNA. Seeds were germinated and cultivated for 14 d (A and B) or 11 d (C–F) on medium containing adequate supply of Pi (5.7 μg KH2PO4 per mL growth medium) without DNA (−DNA) or with DNA (+DNA, 0.8 mg mL−1) added. Bars of A and B represent average and sem of four plates with 100 Arabidopsis plants per plate. Bars represent averages and sem of five plants (C, D, and F) or 10 roots hairs on each of three plants (E). Different letters indicate significant differences at P < 0.005 (C and D) or P < 0.0001 (E). Error bars indicate sem.