Root growth of axenic Arabidopsis plants on medium with or without externally supplied DNA. Plants were grown for 11 d on medium containing an adequate concentration of Pi (5.7 μg KH2PO4 per mL growth medium without DNA [A, C, and E] or with DNA [0.8 mg DNA per mL growth medium] added [B, D, and F]). Root hair length (D and F) and number of lateral root (B) increased in response to the addition of DNA. C and D are enlarged images of a and b, respectively. E and F are enlarged images of c and d, respectively. Bright-field images of E and F were taken with a confocal microscope.