Table I. Indirect physiological alterations induced in cell wall-defective mutants or after transgenic or pharmacological interference with cell wall biosynthesis or structure.
↑, induction of; ↓, suppression of; as, antisense suppression; ASR, abiotic stress resistance; AXS, UDP-apiose/UDP-xylose synthase; CalS, callose synthase; CD, cell death, both programmed and necrotic; CE, cellulose; CesA, cellulose synthase catalytic subunit; CH, carbohydrates; DCB, 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile; DR, disease resistance and reduced pathogen susceptibility; ET, ethylene; EXT, extensin; GM, glucomannan; GMD, GDP-d-mannose 4,6-dehydratase; HSR, hypersensitive to sugar; JA, jasmonic acid; PE, pectin; PME, pectin methyl esterase; SA, salicylic acid.
| Mutant/Transgene/Drug | Hypothetical Cell Wall Effect | Secondary Effect and Physiological Response | Reference |
| cesa3 | Primary CE | DR; ↑ET, JA signaling; ↑VSP1 and PDF1.2 expression, THE1-dependent ↓growth, ↑lignin | Ellis et al. (2002); Cano-Delgado et al. (2003); Hématy et al. (2007) |
| cesa6 | THE1-dependent ↓growth, ↑lignin, ↑callose | Hématy et al. (2007) | |
| kobito | ABA insensitivity, Glc-dependent growth, Glc-insensitive germination | Brocard-Gifford et al. (2004) | |
| elp1 | THE1-dependent ↓growth, ↑lignin | Zhong et al. (2002); Hématy et al. (2007) | |
| cesa7 | Secondary CE | DR; ASR; ↓PE and XG in primary cell wall | Chen et al. (2005); Bosca et al. (2006); Hernandez-Blanco et al. (2007) |
| cesa4 | DR | Hernandez-Blanco et al. (2007) | |
| cesa8 | DR; ASR; ↑ABA-inducible genes | Chen et al. (2005); Hernandez-Blanco et al. (2007) | |
| pme3 | PE | DR (cyst nematodes) | Hewezi et al. (2008) |
| pmr5 | DR (independent of JA, SA, ET) | Vogel et al. (2004) | |
| pmr6 | DR (independent of JA, SA, ET) | Vogel et al. (2002) | |
| AXSas | CD, cell wall thickening | Ahn et al. (2006) | |
| pmr4 | Lesion callose | DR; ↑SA pathway | Nishimura et al. (2003) |
| csla9 | GM (?) | Agrobacterium tumefaciens resistance | Zhu et al. (2003) |
| mur3 | XG | DR, ↑SA; HSR | Li et al. (2007); Tedman-Jones et al. (2008) |
| fla4 | AGP | Salt-oversensitive root growth | Shi et al. (2003) |
| agp30 | Resistant to ABA inhibition of germination | van Hengel and Roberts (2003) | |
| agp17 | A. tumefaciens resistance | Gaspar et al. (2004) | |
| agp19 | ↓Cell division and elongation, chlorophyll | Yang et al. (2007) | |
| xeg113 | EXT arabinosylation | ↓XGase response | Gille et al. (2009) |
| mur1 | Fucosylated CH | HSR | Li et al. (2007) |
| mur4 | Arabinosylated CH | HSR (suppressed by boric acid and prl1 mutant) | Li et al. (2007) |
| rhm1 | Rhamnosylated CH | ↓lrx1 phenotype in root hairs, ↑cell wall-remodeling genes | Diet et al. (2006) |
| βGlcY | AGP aggregation | Ca2+ influx, wound response-like transcript profile, CD | Gao and Showalter (1999); Roy et al. (1999); Guan and Nothnagel (2004); Pickard and Fujiki (2005) |
| Isoxaben | CE synthesis inhibition | ↑PE biosynthetic genes, ↑defense-related genes, ↑JA, SA, ET synthesis, CD | Manfield et al. (2004); Hamann et al. (2009) |
| Thaxtomin A | ↑Ca2+, CD, ↓CE biosynthetic genes, ↑PE biosynthetic and cell wall-remodeling genes, ↑defense-related genes, ↑callose, ↑lignin | Duval et al. (2005); Errakhi et al. (2008); Bischoff et al. (2009); Duval and Beaudoin (2009); Meimoun et al. (2009) | |
| DCB | ↑Callose | Melida et al. (2009) |