Fig. 9.

IGF-I potentiates B-cell expansion when added together with a concentration of CpG, yielding a submaximal response. Number of B cells was assessed after 5 days in culture with CpG (2 μg/ml) and IGF-I (10 nM) as single agents or in combination. Data were derived from five independent experiments (mean ± S.E.; **, p < 0.02). [Reprinted from Douglas RS, Naik V, Hwang CJ, Afifiyan NF, Gianoukakis AG, Sand D, Kamat S, and Smith TJ (2008) B cells from patients with Graves' disease aberrantly express the IGF-1 receptor: implications for disease pathogenesis. J Immunol 181:5768–5774. Copyright © 2008 The American Association of Immunologists, Inc. Used with permission.]