(a) Dynamics of the number of infected individuals, Y, and the transmission rate fXY for a susceptible-infected-recovered model with seasonal forcing, given by equations (2.20)–(2.22) in the main text. Parameter values are as follows (with time in days): β0 = 10/7, β1 = 0.05, ω = 2π/365, γ = 1/7, μ = 1/25550. The population size, N, was assumed to be 106. Initial conditions: S = 100029.946, I = 142.978, R = 899827.076. (b) The time of sampling for the high prevalence scenario was t = 3465, when I = 384.477 (38.4 per 100 000) (c) and the time of sampling for the low prevalence scenario was t = 3649, when I = 140.7068 (14.0 per 100000).