Table 3.
Multivariate analyses between sleep duration and sleep disturbance with CHD mortality, myocardial infarction, and angina: data from men and women combined
| Usual sleep duration, h | Persons at risk, no. | Incident CHD, no. | Unadjusteda | Adjusted for confoundersa | Adjusted for confounders & mediatorsac |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤ 5 | 411 | 69 | 1.55 (1.23, 1.96) | 1.20 (0.95, 1.52) | 1.05 (0.92, 1.20) |
| 6 | 2475 | 370 | 1.20 (1.06, 1.36) | 1.10 (0.97, 1.25) | 0.98 (0.83, 1.16) |
| 7 | 4584 | 579 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| ≥ 8 | 1528 | 187 | 1.01 (0.86, 1.18) | 1.02 (0.87, 1.19) | 0.99 (0.77, 1.27) |
| Lost sleep over worry | |||||
| Not at all | 3633 | 434 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| No more than usual | 4080 | 554 | 1.15 (1.02, 1.30) | 1.02 (0.88, 1.17) | 0.97 (0.84, 1.13) |
| More than usual | 1285 | 217 | 1.44 (1.23, 1.69) | 1.04 (0.84, 1.29) | 1.02 (0.82, 1.28) |
| Restless, disturbed nights | |||||
| Not at all | 3063 | 340 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| No more than usual | 4019 | 538 | 1.21 (1.06, 1.38) | 1.17 (1.01, 1.37) | 1.15 (0.98, 1.35) |
| More than usual | 1916 | 327 | 1.55 (1.34, 1.79) | 1.49 (1.22, 1.82) | 1.36 (1.10, 1.68) |
a
Data are presented as relative risk (95% confidence interval);
b
Confounders include all of the sleep variables, age, sex, ethnicity, employment grade, car access, and housing tenure;
c
Mediators include self-rated health status, total cholesterol concentration, hypertension, body mass index, diabetes, smoking, alcohol consumption, vigorous and moderate exercise, and fruit and vegetable consumption. CHD refers to coronary heart disease.