Table 3.
Anthropometric risk factors by study groupa
| Adjusted Mean (Lower and Upper 95% Confidence Limits) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P | |||||||
| Caucasians | Chinese born in the West or migrated to the West before 21 | Recent Chinese migrants | P b | P c | P d | P e | |
| (N = 382) | (N = 53) | (N = 357) | |||||
| Standing height (cm) | 162.1 (161.4, 162.8) | 156.3 (154.6, 157.9) | 155.8 (155.3, 156.4) | 0.03 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.99 |
| Weight (kg) | 69.5 (68.1, 70.9) | 57.7 (54.8, 60.8) | 55.2 (54.2, 56.3) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.35 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.4 (25.9, 26.9) | 23.6 (22.5, 24.8) | 22.7 (22.4, 23.1) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.40 |
| Sitting height (cm) | 85.0 (84.6, 85.4) | 83.5 (82.6, 84.5) | 83.3 (83.0, 83.7) | 0.06 | 0.01 | <0.001 | 0.99 |
| Leg length (cm) | 77.1 (76.6, 77.6) | 72.7 (71.5, 73.9) | 72.0 (72.0, 72.9) | 0.14 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.99 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 84.6 (83.3, 85.8) | 77.4 (74.6, 80.4) | 76.6 (75.6, 77.6) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.99 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 104.5 (103.4, 105.6) | 94.5 (92.1, 97.0) | 93.4 (92.6, 94.3) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.99 |
| Subscapular skinfold (mm) | 30.0 (28.8, 31.3) | 30.9 (27.8, 34.5) | 27.3 (26.3, 28.4) | 0.65 | 0.99 | 0.002 | 0.10 |
| Suprailiac skinfold (mm) | 30.9 (29.3, 32.5) | 30.8 (27.0, 35.2) | 27.7 (26.4, 29.0) | <0.001 | 0.99 | 0.003 | 0.38 |
| Triceps skinfold (mm) | 33.4 (32.3, 34.5) | 32.9 (30.2, 35.8) | 29.4 (28.5, 30.3) | 0.04 | 0.99 | <0.001 | 0.05 |
a P values were based on ANCOVA, adjusting for age, education, age × ethnicity, and study site. Log transformation was used. Pairwise comparisons were adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni method. Variables are expressed as adjusted means. Sample size for Chinese born in the West or migrated to the West before age 21 was much smaller than that for the other two groups because the selection criteria for these subjects were relaxed. Participation in the home interview for anthropometric measurements was optional. We did not get full participation from all Caucasians and recent Chinese migrants because some of these subjects declined measurements after recruitment.
b P values for ethnicity effect
c P values for comparing Caucasians and Chinese born in the West or migrated to the West before age 21
d P values for comparing Caucasians and recent Chinese migrants
e P values for comparing Chinese born in the West or migrated to the West before age 21 and recent Chinese migrants