Table 4.
Other risk factors by study groupa
| Adjusted Mean (Lower and Upper 95% Confidence Limits) (% Yes) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P | |||||||
| Caucasians | Chinese born in the West or migrated to the West before 21 | Recent Chinese migrants | P b | P c | P d | P e | |
| (N = 413) | (N = 216) | (N = 421) | |||||
| First degree relatives with breast cancerf | 16.0 (12.0, 21.1) | 14.7 (10.0, 21.0) | 7.8 (5.5, 11.0) | 0.87 | 0.99 | 0.003 | 0.04 |
| Any benign breast biopsy | 14.8 (11.5, 18.9) | 8.7 (5.5, 8.2) | 5.4 (3.5, 8.2) | 0.04 | 0.10 | <0.001 | 0.39 |
| Consumption of alcohol at least once per week for six months or longer | 60.6 (53.5, 67.2) | 9.4 (6.0, 14.4) | 2.3 (1.2, 4.2) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Consumption of alcohol at least once per week currently | 50.9 (45.7, 56.0) | 8.7 (5.6, 13.4) | 1.4 (0.6, 3.3) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Smoked at least one cigarette per day for three months or longer | 46.5 (39.1, 54.1) | 12.4 (8.2, 18.2) | 1.7 (0.8, 3.6) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Smoking at least one cigarette per day | 11.0 (8.2, 14.6) | 3.3 (1.5, 6.7) | 0.5 (0.1, 1.9) | 0.01 | 0.006 | <0.001 | 0.05 |
| Currently | |||||||
| Any X-ray examinations that included the chest areag | 73.7 (67.4, 79.1) | 78.5 (71.1, 84.4) | 97.4 (95.3, 98.5) | 0.20 | 0.69 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Any X-ray examination for tuberculosisg | 58.3 (51.6, 64.7) | 71.9 (64.3, 78.4) | 96.4 (94.2, 97.9) | 0.09 | 0.008 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
a P values were based on logistic regression, adjusting for age, education, and age × ethnicity. Pairwise comparisons were adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni method. Variables are expressed as adjusted means.
b P values for ethnicity effect
c P values for comparing Caucasians and Chinese born in the West or migrated to the West before age 21
d P values for comparing Caucasians and recent Chinese migrants
e P values for comparing Chinese born in the West or migrated to the West before age 21 and recent Chinese migrants
f There were 22 missing values for Caucasians, 21 for Chinese born in the West or migrated to the West before age 21, and 38 for recent Chinese migrants.
g There were seven missing values for Caucasians and six for Chinese born in the West or migrated to the West before age 21.