Fig 3.

Male prairie voles only displayed reduced social contact when the stimulus animal was an unfamiliar animal. Males that were given a choice between isolation and contact with another vole displayed no effects of metals ingestion if the stimulus animal was the subject’s same-sex cagemate. In contrast, metals-treated males that were exposed to strangers displayed reduced amounts of social contact relative to water-treated controls. Data for stranger-exposed males are the same data as were used in Fig 2 and are presented here to provide a point of comparison. * p < 0.002.