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. 2010 May 6;11:285. doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-285

Table 1.

Gene families encoding glycolytic enzymes and the parent genes that are retroposed.

Human Mouse


Gene Family Gene Name Position Ret.seq. Gene Name Position Ret.seq.
Hexokinase HK1 10:71 No Hk1 10:62 Yes (1)
HK2 02:75 Yes (1) Hk2 6:83 No
HK3 05:176 No Hk3 13:55 No
GCK 07:44 No Gck 11:6 No
HKDC1 10:71 No Hkdc1 10:62 No

Glucose Phosphate Isomerase GPI1 19:40 Yes (1) Gpi1 7:34 Yes (1)

Phosphofructokinase PFKL 21:45 No Pfkl 10:77 No
PFKM 12:47 No Pfkm 15:98 No
PFKP 10:3 No Pfkp 13:7 No

Aldolase ALDOA 16:30 Yes (2) Aldoa 7:127 Yes (18)
ALDOB 09:103 No Aldob 4:50 No
ALDOC 17:24 No Aldoc 11:78 No

Triosephosphate isomerase TPI1 12:7 Yes (4) Tpi1 6:125 Yes (15)

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase GAPDH 12:7 Yes (52) Gapdh 6:125 Yes (188)
GAPDHS 19:41 No Gapdhs 7:30 No

Phosphoglycerate kinase PGK1 X:77 Yes (3) Pgk1 X:102 Yes (11)

Phosphoglycerate mutase PGAM1 10:99 Yes (21) Pgam1 19:42 Yes (12)
PGAM2 07:44 No Pgam2 11:6 No
PGAM5 12:132 No Pgam5 5:111 Yes (1)

Enolase ENO1 01:9 Yes (4) Eno1 4:149 Yes (27)
ENO2 12:7 No Eno2 6:125 No
ENO3 17:5 No Eno3 11:70 No
ENO4 10:119 No Eno4 19:59 No

Pyruvate kinase PKLR 01:154 No Pklr 3:89 No
PKM2 15:70 Yes (6) Pkm2 9:59 Yes (17)

Ensembl release 48 Dec 2007

The Position column indicates chromosomal location denoted as "chromosome number:position (millions)". The Ret. seq. column indicates whether retroposed sequences were identified for each parent gene. The number in parentheses next to "Yes" in this column indicates the total number of retroposed sequences that match the parent gene. We identified a total of 94 retroposed sequences matching glycolytic enzymes in the human genome and 291 in the mouse genome.