Table 3. Metabolic rates at fasting without and with normoglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp.

		Experimental phases		P *
	Groups	No clamp	Clamp	Protocol	Group	Protocol x group	Group difference
CHOox (µmol/min)	FH−	941±128	1548±136	<0.001	0.002	0.30	T2D≠FH−
	FH+	745±130	1355±155
	T2D	625±159	855±124
FATox (µmol/min)	FH−	254±25	121±15	<0.001	<0.001	0.52	T2D≠others
	FH+	255±31	138±35
	T2D	389±40	319±26
Glycerol (µmol/l)	FH−	75±4	36±3	<0.001	0.003	0.78	T2D≠others
	FH+	77±7	35±6
	T2D	100±10	52±8
Raglycerol (µmol/min)	FH−	284±33	141±17	<0.001	0.01	0.83	T2D≠FH+
	FH+	235±29	141±33
	T2D	368±53	244±61
Palmitate (µmol/l)	FH−	145±13	21±6	<0.001	0.007	0.18	T2D≠FH−
	FH+	201±22	22±3
	T2D	210±24	52±10
Oleate (µmol/l)	FH−	206±15	19±2	<0.001	0.008	0.42	T2D≠FH−
	FH+	250±24	38±6
	T2D	280±29	50±7
Linoleate (µmol/l)	FH−	76±6	17±2	<0.001	0.005	0.13	T2D≠FH−
	FH+	107±9	20±2
	T2D	107±12	29±3

*P values are from two-way ANOVAs with Scheffe's post-hoc test for difference between groups. Differences between groups remained significant after adjustment for gender. Adjustment for age or BMI abolished group difference in triacylglycerol and glycerol levels. Adjustment for waist circumference abolished group differences in triacylglycerol, glycerol, glycerol appearance rate and oleate levels.

CHOox: net carbohydrate oxidation rate; FATox: net fatty acid oxidation rate; FH−: no family history of type 2 diabetes; FH+: offspring of both parents with type 2 diabetes; NEFA: nonesterified fatty acids; Ra_glycerol: glycerol appearance rate; T2D: subjects with type 2 diabetes; TG: triacylglycerol.