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C-terminal-truncated α-synuclein-mediated cytotoxicity can be mitigated by PQQ. Full-length α-Syn and truncated α-Syn (final concentration 14 or 28 μM) were added to PC12 cells with shaking at 37°C in the absence or presence of 200 μM PQQ. After 96 h of incubation, the release of adenylate kinase from the damaged cells was measured by the luminescence of luciferase. n = 3 and error bar = standard deviation.
