Figure 2.

Nef mediated downregulation of CXCR4, CCR5 and CD4 by integrating virus. Infected (GFP positive) cells were analyzed relative to uninfected cells for cell surface CD4, CXCR4 and CCR5 after infection with wt integrase-containing virus, either wt nef or a Δ-nef mutation. The results of geometric means of fluorescence for each receptor are expressed relative to Δ-nef virus infection receptor levels. Results are from 3-5 independent experiments, each with two replicate infections. Error bars indicate standard deviations. For each receptor, statistical comparisons between wt nef and Δ-nef were performed by two-tailed unpaired t-tests, p < 0.001 (***) p < 0.05 (*).