Table 4.
Univariate predictors of 30 day mortality in patients with CAL and HAL.a
| CAL | HALb | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predictor variables by category | Odds ratio (95% CI) | P-value | Odds ratio (95% CI) | P-value |
| Variables known at the time of patient presentation | ||||
| Demographics | ||||
| Age > 65 years | 3.9 (1.9-8.1) | <0.001* | 0.7 (0.2-2.0) | 0.46 |
| Case associated with travelling to another country | 0.4 (0.1-0.9) | 0.03* | x | x |
| Comorbid illnesses | ||||
| Any comorbidityc | 2.4 (1.1-4.9) | 0.02* | 2.2 (0.2-21.5) | 0.49 |
| Immunosuppression | 6.3 (2.7-14.8) | <0.001* | 1.5 (0.5-4.6) | 0.48 |
| Malignancy | 4.7 (1.6-13.9) | 0.005* | 2.1 (0.7-6.9) | 0.20 |
| Renal insufficiency | 7.2 (1.4-37.1) | 0.02 | 0.4 (0.04-3.4) | 0.38 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥ 2 | 3.7 (1.7-8.3) | 0.001* | 1.5 (0.5-4.6) | 0.48 |
| Current smoker | 0.5 (0.2-1.1) | 0.09 | 0.4 (0.1-1.6) | 0.21 |
| Symptoms | ||||
| Self-reported fever | 0.4 (0.2-0.9) | 0.03* | 2.1 (0.7-6.6) | 0.21 |
| Dyspnoea | 2.4 (1.1-5.1) | 0.03* | 0.6 (0.2-1.9) | 0.42 |
| Headache | 0.1 (0.01-0.5) | 0.01* | 0.4 (0.05-4.3) | 0.49 |
| Confusion | 1.9 (0.9-4.2) | 0.01* | 0.3 (0.03-2.5) | 0.26 |
| Signs | ||||
| Normal pulmonary stethoscopy | 0.2 (0.1-1.02) | 0.05 | 1.6 (0.3-8.4) | 0.56 |
| Laboratory tests | ||||
| Lymphocytosis, lymphocyte count >3.5 cells 109/L | 6.7 (0.9-49.6) | 0.06 | 2.6 (0.1-45.4) | 0.52 |
| Bilirubin >23 mikromol/L | 8.3 (2.9-24.1) | <0.001* | 1.0 (0.3-4.1) | 0.96 |
| Creatinine >115 mikromol/L | 2.5 (1.2-5.2) | 0.01* | 0.7 (0.2-2.6) | 0.57 |
| Blood urea nitrogen >7.5 mmol/L | 4.2 (1.3-13.3) | 0.02* | 0.9 (1.1-5.6) | 0.89 |
| Hyponatremia, sodium <128 mmol/L | 0.3 (0.1-1.0) | 0.049* | 0.6 (0.1-2.6) | 0.49 |
| Hypercapnia, PaCO2 >6 kPa | 4.4 (0.97-19.9) | 0.06 | 1.6 (0.3-10.1) | 0.60 |
| Atrial fibrillation at admission | 2.6 (1.01-6.9) | 0.048* | 1.2 (0.3-5.1) | 0.77 |
| X-ray findings | ||||
| Unilateral infiltrate on chest x-ray | 0.8 (0.4-1.6) | 0.46 | 0.4 (0.1-1.2) | 0.09 |
| Severity of illness | ||||
| PSI risk class >2 | 9.1 (2.1-38.7) | <0.01* | 2.2 (0.7-2.7) | 0.20 |
| CURB65 risk class >2 | 3.6 (1.0-12.8) | 0.045* | 0.6 (0.1-6.3) | 0.68 |
| Variables known later during admission | ||||
| Treatment for legionellosis | ||||
| Treatment with anti-legionella antibiotics | ||||
| <24 hours from baselined | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | ||
| >24 hours from baselined | 3.6 (0.8-15.6) | 0.09 | 0.4 (0.1-2.0) | 0.24 |
| No treatment with anti-legionella antibiotics during admission | 11.5 (2.1-64.3) | <0.01* | 6.0 (0.4-85.2) | 0.19 |
a For community-acquired cases 30 days from admission. For hospital-acquired cases 30 days from onset of symptoms
b A case was defined as hospital-acquired if the patient had been admitted within the preceding 10 days or if the patient developed
symptoms of legionellosis more than 2 days after hospital admission.
c Immunosuppression, malignancy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ischaemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus
or renal insufficiency.
d For community-acquired cases time from admission. For hospital-acquired cases time from beginning of symptoms.
* P-level < 0.05 is considered statistically significant