Table 1.

Categories of indications

Symptoms with suspected cardiac etiology

Prior testing that is concerning for heart disease

Adult congenital heart disease

Arrhythmias

LV function evaluation

Pulmonary hypertension

Hypotension or hemodynamic instability

Myocardial ischemia/infarction

Respiratory failure

Pulmonary embolism

Murmur

Mitral valve prolapse

Native valvular stenosis

Native valvular regurgitation

Prosthetic valve

Infective endocarditis

Evaluation of cardiovascular source of embolus

Evaluation of cardiac mass

Evaluation of pericardial conditions

Evaluation of aortic diseases

Hypertension

Heart failure

Pacing device evaluation

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Cardiomyopathy (other)

Therapy with cardiotoxic agents

LV, Left ventricular.

Adapted from J Am Coll Cardiol.¹