Table 1.
Imaging and Clinical Findings
| GA at sonography (LMP), wk |
Sonography | MRI | Follow-up Sonography |
Follow-up MRI | Outcome | Hemorrhage Present |
Choroid Symmetric Posteriorly |
Different Echogenicity |
Frontal Horn Expanded |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prospective interpretation of hemorrhage (part 1) | |||||||||
| 19 (18) | R hemorrhage | R hemorrhage | ND | ND | ITP, TAB, Pathology: platelets <5000 |
Probably hemorrhage |
Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 16 (15) | L hemorrhage | Normal | Hemorrhage (20 wk), normal (24, 30 wk) |
L hemorrhage (20 wk) |
Bleeding diathesis, CD (borderline low platelets, ele- vated PT and INR) |
Probably hemorrhage |
No | Yes | Yes |
| 20 (18) | R hemorrhage | R hemorrhage | Hemorrhage (21, 27 wk), normal (34 wk) |
Hemorrhage (21, 27 wk), normal (34 wk) |
Resolution by prenatal imaging |
Looked like cyst |
Yes | No | Yes |
| 21 (21) | L hemorrhage | L hemorrhage | Hemorrhage (23 wk), normal (27 wk) |
Normal (23 wk) | Resolution by prenatal imaging |
Looked like cyst |
Yes | No | Yes |
| 19 (18) | BL hemorrhage | BL hemorrhage | Hemorrhage (21 wk), normal (34 wk) |
Hemorrhage (21 wk) normal (34 wk) |
NSVD, normal neo- natal findings |
Looked like cyst |
Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 18 (18) | L hemorrhage | L hemorrhage | Hemorrhage, VM (10 mm) (20, 22 wk) |
Hemorrhage VM (10 mm) (20, 22 wks) |
VM by prenatal imaging |
Definitely hemorrhage |
Yes | No | Yes |
| 18 (18)a | L hemorrhage | L hemorrhage | Normal (20, 22 wk) | Normal (20, 22 wk) | Resolution by prenatal imaging |
Normal | NA | NA | NA |
| 19 (19) | L hemorrhageb | L hemorrhage | Hemorrhage (22 wk) | Hemorrhage (22 wk) | TAB, germinal matrix hemorrhage |
Probably hemorrhage |
Could not tell |
Yes | Yes |
| 20 (21) | R hemorrhage, VM (10 mm) |
R hemorrhage, VM (10 mm), porencephaly |
ND | ND | Grade 4 hemorrhage and VM by prenatal imaging |
Abnormal position of choroid |
No | No | No |
| 19 (19) | R hemorrhage, CPC |
Normal | ND | ND | NSVD, normal neonatal findings |
Looked like cyst |
Yes | No | Yes |
| 19 (19) | L hemorrhage | Normal | Normal (21, 25, 32 wk) | Normal (21, 25, 32 wk) | NSVD, normal neonatal findings |
Probably hemorrhage |
Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 20 (20) | L hemorrhage | L hemorrhage | Normal (22, 24, 28, 34 wk) |
Normal (22, 24, 28, 34 wk) |
NSVD, normal neonatal findings |
Probably hemorrhage |
Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 22 (22) | R hemorrhage | Normal | Hemorrhage (24, 28 wk) | Normal (28 wk) | CD, normal neonatal findings, normal head sonographic findings at birth |
Looked like cyst |
Yes | No | Yes |
| 18 (18) | L hemorrhage | L hemorrhage | Hemorrhage (20 wk), asymmetric ventricles (9 and 8 mm, 27 wk) |
ND | CD, normal neonatal findings |
Looked like cyst |
Yes | No | Yes |
| 29 (29) | BL intraventricular parenchymal and extra-axial hemorrhage, BL VM |
BL intraventricular parenchymal and extra-axial hemorrhage, BL VM |
ND | ND | Grade 4 hemorrhage and VM by prenatal imaging, TAB, no autopsy |
Definitely hemorrhage |
Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 34 (36) | BL hemorrhage, porencephaly |
BL hemorrhage, porencephaly |
ND | ND | Grade 4 hemorrhage by prenatal imaging |
Definitely hemorrhage |
No | No | Yes |
| 15 (16) | BL hemorrhage | ND | ND | ND | NSVD, normal neonatal findings |
Probably hemorrhage |
Yes | No | No |
| Retrospective interpretation of hemorrhage (part 2) | |||||||||
| 19 (19) | L hemorrhage | ND | Hemorrhage (21 wk), normal (26, 28, 32, 36, 38 wk) |
ND | CD, normal neonatal findings |
Abnormal position |
Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 17 (18) | R hemorrhage | ND | Hemorrhage (22 wk), normal (33 wk) |
ND | NSVD, normal neonatal findings |
Probably hemorrhage |
No | No | Yes |
| 17 (17) | L hemorrhage | ND | Normal (26 wk) | ND | CD, normal neonatal findings |
Probably hemorrhage |
Yes | Yes | Yes |
BL indicates bilateral; CD, cesarean delivery; CPC, choroid plexus cyst; GA, gestational age; INR, international normalized ratio; ITP, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura; L, left; NA, not applicable; ND, not done; NSVD, normal spontaneous vaginal delivery; PT, prothrombin time; R, tight; TAB, therapeutic abortion; and VM, ventriculomegaly.
Twin of above.
Other findings of horseshoe kidney and 2-vessel cord.