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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Nanotechnol. 2010 May 16;5(6):412–416. doi: 10.1038/nnano.2010.81

TABLE II.

Performance estimates for the nano-injector.

Vcc I Ptotal Qinj ΔPinj η Additive (2.2M TMAPS)
[V] [µA] [µW] [fL/s] [kPa] [%] ΔPinj [kPa] Qinj [fL/s] η [%]
14 0.02 0.29 0.38 2.84 0.37×10−3 15.8 2.1 0.69
38 0.145 5.51 2.63 19.8 0.95×10−3 110.6 14.6 1.78
380 1.92 727 34.8 263 1.26×10−3 1462 194 2.35

Vcc is the total applied electrical potential, I is the resulting electrical current, Ptotal is the total power consumption, Qinj is the injection flow rate at the exit nozzle (fL/s=10−15 liters per second), Pinj is the pressure drop at the injection, and η is the efficiency of the hydrodynamic flow injection versus the electrical power consumption. The data in italics are theoretical extrapolations based on the linear scaling assumption. The pumping performances are estimated using established approaches for pump analyses29.